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% Document Info
\author{j.\_smr}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (joints.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (j.\_smr)
  /Subject (Joints Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Joints Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{j.\_smr} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/208225/cs/44555/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}j.\_smr \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/j-smr} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 7th October, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joints}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Sites where bones and cartilage form a connection. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Known as an {\bf{articulation}} or {\bf{arthrosis}}% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classification of joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Structural}} - based on the structure connects the articulating surfaces of bones.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Functional}} - based on the amount of movement between articulating bones} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structural Classification}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Fibrous}} \{\{nl\}\} - joined by fibrous connective tissue. \{\{nl\}\} -Functionally are {\emph{synarthroses}} or {\emph{amphiarthroses}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Cartilaginous}} \{\{nl\}\} - joined by cartilage ({\emph{hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage}}) \{\{nl\}\} -Functionally are {\emph{synarthroses or }}amphiarthroses*} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Synovial}} \{\{nl\}\} - joined within a fluid-filled cavity. ({\emph{most common joint}}) \{\{nl\}\} -Functionally are {\emph{diarthroses}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{• Based on the structure of the articulating surfaces}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.68217 cm} x{1.75083 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functional Classification}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Synarthrosis}} - little to no movement (ex., suture of skull)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Amphiarthrosis}} - slight movement (ex., pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Diarthrosis}} - significant movement & {\bf{Three categories based on axes of motion}}  \{\{nl\}\} 1. {\bf{Uniaxial}}—movement in one plane (ex., elbow) \{\{nl\}\} 2. {\bf{Biaxial}}—movement in two planes (ex., metacarpophalangeal joints) 3. {\bf{Multiaxial}}—movement in three or more planes  (ex.,hip) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{• Based on the extent of \newline joint}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fibrous Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Characterisitics of Fibrous Joints}} \{\{nl\}\}  - NO joint cavity \{\{nl\}\} -Held together by dense (fibrous) connective tissue \{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Types}} \{\{nl\}\} 1. {\bf{Sutures}} \{\{nl\}\} - Joins the bones of the skull \{\{nl\}\} -synarthroses \{\{nl\}\} -convoluted shape prevents movement between bones \{\{nl\}\} -form when skull bones completely ossify during early childhood \{\{nl\}\} 2. {\bf{Syndesmoses}} \{\{nl\}\} -Joins two parallel bones using fibrous connective tissue \{\{nl\}\}  -Amphiarthroses \{\{nl\}\} -Found between radius and ulna of forearm between tibia and fibula of leg \{\{nl\}\} 3. {\bf{Gomphoses}} \{\{nl\}\} -Anchors teeth to maxilla \{\{nl\}\} Made of numerous shorts bands of dense connective tissue called {\emph{periodental ligaments}} \{\{nl\}\} - Synarthroses} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cartilaginous Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Characteristics of Cartilaginous Joints}} \{\{nl\}\} -Bones joined by cartilage or fibrocartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Types}} \{\{nl\}\}  • {\bf{Synchondroses}} \{\{nl\}\} -Joined by hyaline cartilage \{\{nl\}\} -Found in every long bone to allow increase in skeletal size \{\{nl\}\} -Synarthroses \{\{nl\}\} (Ex., epiphyseal plates, costal cartilage) \{\{nl\}\}• {\bf{Symphyses}} \{\{nl\}\} -Joined by fibrocartilage \{\{nl\}\} -Permits strong attachment while allowing limited movement \{\{nl\}\} -Amphiarthroses \{\{nl\}\}  (Ex., pubic symphysis, intervertebral symphysis)} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Synovial Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Characteristics of Synovial Joints}} \{\{nl\}\} -Contains a joint cavity (Bones do not directly touch) & {\bf{• Articular capsule}} \{\{nl\}\} -Forms wall of cavity \{\{nl\}\} -Ligaments to attach bones \{\{nl\}\} -{\bf{Synovial Membrane}} (secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joints and nourish cartilage) \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Articular cartilage}} \{\{nl\}\} -Hyaline cartilage at ends of bones \{\{nl\}\} -Diarthroses \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 15)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Supporting Structure}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{1. Ligaments}} \{\{nl\}\} -Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue \{\{nl\}\} -Strengthen and support joints by anchoring bone together \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{2. Tendons}} \{\{nl\}\} -Connective tissue structure that attaches muscle to bone} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Cushioning Structures}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Articular discs and menisci}} \{\{nl\}\} -Pads of fibrocartilage between bones. \{\{nl\}\} -Provide shock absorption and help smooth movements. \{\{nl\}\}  {\bf{• Bursae and tendon sheaths}} \{\{nl\}\} -Prevent friction between bone and tendons \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Fat pads}} \{\{nl\}\} -Provide cushioning} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Pivot Joint}} \{\{nl\}\} -Rounded portion of a bone enclosed in a ring \{\{nl\}\} -Allows rotation around one axis \{\{nl\}\} - Uniaxial joint \{\{nl\}\} -Atlantoaxial Joint} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Synovial Joints (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Hinge Joint}} \{\{nl\}\} -Convex end of one bone articulates with the concave end of another \{\{nl\}\} -Allows bending and stretching along one axis \{\{nl\}\} -Uniaxial \{\{nl\}\} -Elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Condyloid Joint}} \{\{nl\}\} -Shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with rounded structure from nearby bone or bones \{\{nl\}\} -Biaxial Joint \{\{nl\}\}  -Allows bending and straightening, anterior-posterior movements \{\{nl\}\} -Metacarpophalangeal joints} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Saddle Joint}} \{\{nl\}\} -Both articulating surfaces have a saddle shape \{\{nl\}\} -Biaxial joint \{\{nl\}\} -Allows Circulating movement \{\{nl\}\} -First carpometacarpal joint, sternoclavicular joint} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Plane Joint}} \{\{nl\}\} -Surfaces of the bones are mostly flat \{\{nl\}\} -Bones slide past each other during motion \{\{nl\}\} -Limited motion, but multiaxial joint \{\{nl\}\} -Intercarpal joints, interatrial joints, acromioclavicular joint} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Ball-and-socket Joint}} \{\{nl\}\}  -Rounded head of one bone fits into the bowl-shaped  \{\{nl\}\}  -Great range of motion \{\{nl\}\} -Multiaxial joint \{\{nl\}\} -Hip joint, shoulder joint} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Movement at Synovial Joints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Flexion}} \{\{nl\}\} - reduces the angle of the joint from \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Extension}} \{\{nl\}\} -returns joint to resting position \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Hyperextension}} \{\{nl\}\} -increases joint angle beyond \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Lateral Flexion}} \{\{nl\}\} -bending of neck or body toward} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Abduction}} \{\{nl\}\} -moves a limb, finger, toe or thumb away from midline of body \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Adduction}} \{\{nl\}\} -moves a limb, finger, toe, or thumb toward midline \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Circumduction}} \{\{nl\}\} -movement in a circular motion \{\{nl\}\} -Combination of flexion, adduction, extension, and abduction at a joint} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Rotation}} \{\{nl\}\} -Twisting movement \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Medial rotation}} \{\{nl\}\} -moves anterior of a limb toward midline \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Lateral rotation}} \{\{nl\}\}-moves anterior of a limb away from midline} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Supination \& Pronation}} \{\{nl\}\} -movements of the forearm \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{• Supination}}  \{\{nl\}\} -moves palm toward facing posteriorly \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Pronation}} \{\{nl\}\} -Moves palm toward facing anteriorly} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Dorsiflexion \& Plantar Flexion}} \{\{nl\}\} -Movements of the ankle joint \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Dorsiflexion}} \{\{nl\}\} moves top of foot towards anterior leg \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{• Plantar flexion}} \{\{nl\}\} -Lifts heel away from ground or points toes toward ground} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Joint Damage}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Arthrisis}} \{\{nl\}\} -Inflamation of a joint \{\{nl\}\} -Leads to pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility of the joint \{\{nl\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}