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\author{ituartebe}
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  /Title (modern-world-history-ch-15-years-of-crisis.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ituartebe)
  /Subject (Modern World History Ch 15- Years of Crisis Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Modern World History Ch 15- Years of Crisis Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ituartebe} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/26662/cs/7522/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ituartebe \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/ituartebe} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 17th March, 2016.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.1 Postwar Uncertainty}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Albert Einstein} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Theory of Relativity}} 1905- space and time not constant \{\{nl\}\} showed the world to be uncertain, unpredictable, and relative} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Sigmund Freud} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}father of modern psychology \{\{nl\}\} believed human behavior is irrational (we are driven by our uncontrollable unconscious mind) \{\{nl\}\} weakened faith in reason} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Literature in the 1920s} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\emph{poets}} T.S. Eliot and William Butler Yeats wrote of darkness, loss of hope \{\{{[}nl\}\} Franz Kafka {\emph{The Castle}} threatening situations not able to understand/escape \{\{nl\}\} James Joyce {\emph{Ulysses}} stream of consciousness- like the human mind} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Revolution in the Arts} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{expressionism}} emotion/imagination in abstract color of Kandisky and Klee \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{surrealism}} dreamlike paintings of Salvador Dali \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{cubism}} broken geometric shapes formed by Pablo Picasso's paintings \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{composers}} - nontraditional rhythms and sound (Stravinsky \& Schoenberg) \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{jazz}} loose beat, captured freedom} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Society Challenges Convention} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1920s more individual freedom \{\{nl\}\} women wanted rights; gained suffrage in many countries; wore shorter/looser clothes and short "bobbed" hair \{\{nl\}\} Many kept traditional lifestyles but others sought new careers such as medicine and education \{\{nl\}\} Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman spoke out for birth control} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.1 Postwar Uncertainty (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Technology Improves LIfe} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}automobile was improved- sold tons after the war and changed lifestyles \{\{nl\}\} airplanes become a new way to travel (for the wealthy) \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Charles Lindbergh}} 1927- successfully flew 33 hours from NY to Paris \{\{nl\}\} entertainment- radio and film \{\{nl\}\} movies for art in Europe, entertainment in Hollywood- silent movies of {\bf{Charlie Chaplin}} (first sound films came out in 1930s)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.2 Worldwide Depression}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Postwar Europe} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}WWI left Europe bankrupt \{\{nl\}\} absolute rulers replaced with democracy \{\{nl\}\} many political parties- make government ineffective \{\{nl\}\} when no party has a majority {\bf{Coalition Government}} (temporary alliance of parties) \{\{nl\}\} weak leadership-problem during crises \{\{nl\}\} some preferred strength to democracy} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Weimar Republic} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Weimar Republic}} German democracy established in 1919; weakness because Germany had no democratic experience and many political parties \{\{nl\}\} printed money to pay for war- inflation; recovered 1923 {\emph{Dawes Plan}} \$200 million loan from USA to stabilize the economy \{\{nl\}\} Peace Efforts: 1925- made peace with France, admitted into League of Nations; 1928- {\emph{Kellogg-Briand Pact}}- world's countries promised to avoid war} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 10)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Financial Collapse} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}USA- uneven distribution of wealth- couldn't afford goods, led to overproduction; factories laid off workers; businesses and farms went into debt \{\{nl\}\} stock prices kept rising, people took out loans to buy stocks; {\bf{Black Tuesday}} October 1929- stock prices plummeted; investors sold stocks and couldn't pay off loans} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Great Depression} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}stock market crash led to unemployment, price/wage cuts, decrease in factory production \{\{nl\}\} collapse of American banks led to a global depression; couldn't export goods to the U.S., Americans wouldn't invest in Europe; Europe's post war economy depended on American loans} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.2 Worldwide Depression (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The World Confronts the Crisis} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}many countries choose strong rulers over democracy \{\{nl\}\} Britain and France kept democratic governments and stabilized employment; controlled taxes, currency, and trade \{\{nl\}\} USA {\bf{Franklin D. Roosevelt}} uses his {\bf{New Deal}} policy to make jobs and help businesses} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.3 Fascism Rises in Europe}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Fascism} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Fascism}} nationalist movement emphasizing loyalty to the state over individuality; support from middle class, military, and industrialists \{\{nl\}\} obedience to authoritarian leader; promised to guide nation to progress \{\{nl\}\} like communism- one dictator/political party \{\{nl\}\} unlike communism- didn't want a classless society} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Fascism in Italy} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Italy bitter they didn't gain land after WWI \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Benito Mussolini}} promised to revive economy and army- started {\emph{Fascist Party}}; group was the Black Shirts, used fear to gain support; October 1922- marched on Rome and seized power in government, became {\bf{Il Duce}}; abolished democracy and political parties; censored media, outlawed strikes, promoted industry} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Hitler Rises to Power in Germany} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Adolf Hitler}}-{\emph{Der Fuhrer}}, after serving in WWI, joined the {\bf{National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi)}} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{nazism}}, swastika was symbol, Brown shirts- army \{\{nl\}\} 1923- tried to seize power and was arrested- wrote {\bf{Mein Kampf}}; German "Aryans" were master race; Jews, Slavs, Gypsies inferior; outraged at the Treaty of Versailles; wanted to take land/expand Germany} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Hitler becomes Chancellor} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}January 1933- Hitler named chancellor; nazis won a majority in the parliament over communists \{\{nl\}\} created a totalitarian state; banned other political parties; terror with the {\bf{SS}} (elite black shirt police/military force) and {\bf{Gestapo}} (secret police); controlled economy for government benefit \{\{nl\}\} used propaganda to control people; media, burned non-Nazi books; children joined {\emph{The Hitler Youth}} (boys) and {\emph{League of German Girls}} \{\{nl\}\} anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) agenda; blamed Germany's problems on Jews; passed laws taking away rights of Jews; November 9, 1938 {\bf{Kristallnacht}}(Night of Broken Glass)- mobs attacked Jewish homes/businesses} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.3 Fascism Rises in Europe (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Other Countries Fall to Dictators} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}most of Eastern Europe had dictators in the years after WWI (Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Romania); seen as a way to bring stability \{\{nl\}\} democracy survived in Britain, France, and Scandanavia \{\{nl\}\} tensions between democracy and dictators build} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.4 Aggressors Invade Nations}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Japan Seeks an Empire} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1920s- Japan became democratic and worked for peace; parliament had no control over military \{\{nl\}\} Great Depression led to military leaders gaining support and power in 1929; militarists used {\bf{Emperor Hirohito}} as center of power; wanted to conquer land in the Pacific for markets and growing population} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Japanese Invasions} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1931- Japan invaded and seized Manchuria- set up puppet government; built mines and factories and withdrew in 1933 \{\{nl\}\} 1935- border dispute led to war with China- Japan captured capital Nanjing in 1937; Jiang Jieshi retreated, but Mao Zedong's guerrillas kept fighting} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{European Aggressors on the March} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1935- Mussolini seized Ethiopia \{\{nl\}\} Hitler defied the Treaty of Versailles; built up army and league didn't stop it; March 1936, invaded the Rhineland (neutral buffer between France and Germany) and strengthened Hitler's influence, tipped balance of power \{\{nl\}\} Britain and France had policy of {\bf{appeasement}} (giving into an aggressor to keep the peace) \{\{nl\}\} 1936- Germany, Italy, and Japan became allies {\bf{Axis Powers}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 11)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Spanish Civil War} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1931- Spain abolished monarchy to create a democracy \{\{nl\}\} 1936- {\bf{Francisco Franco}} led army leaders in a revolt in favor of Fascism, which led to a 3 year civil war \{\{nl\}\} Hitler and Mussolini aided Franco \{\{nl\}\} European democracies stayed neutral \{\{nl\}\} 1939- republic lost and Franco became dictator} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{15.4 Aggressors Invade Nations (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Democratic Nations Try to Keep Peace} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}United States stays isolationist - Congress passed 3 Neutrality Acts \{\{nl\}\} Hitler wants to expand the {\bf{Third Reich}} (German empire) - March 1938 Germany went against the Treaty of Versailles to annex Austria \{\{nl\}\} Britain and France keep appeasing -Munich Conference in September 1938 gave Hitler Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia \{\{nl\}\} Nazis and Soviets sign non-aggression pact August 1939} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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