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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
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% Document Info
\author{isabellagates (isabellagates)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-bio-cells.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (isabellagates (isabellagates))
  /Subject (AP Bio - Cells Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Bio - Cells Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{isabellagates (isabellagates)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/68678/cs/17304/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}isabellagates (isabellagates) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/isabellagates} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd October, 2018.\\
   Updated 17th December, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Prokaryotes} & "Before nucleus", doesn't contain a membrane bound nuceleus \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Eubacteria} & Prokaryote; True bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Archaea & Prokaryote; Missing link between prokaryotic and Eukaryota cells \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Eukaryotes} & "True nucleus", contains a membrane bound nucleus \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eukarya & Eukaryotic; domain containing eukaryotes \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Eubacteria}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Small (650 nm) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Contains cell wall, can be gram stained \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Organelles: \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Nucleoid = Ring of DNA; plasmids \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Cytosol = Jelly-like material \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Ribosome = None-membrane bound, synthesizes proteins (rRNA) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- Gram stain is purple = positive, thick cell wall \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Gram stain is pink = negative, thin cell wall% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Archaea}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Discovered in 1977 \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Cannot be gram stained \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Similar organelles as eubacteria, but the cell wall is different \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- Contains histones (packaging molecules, what chromosomes wrap around) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- Contains chromosomes, a eukaryotic characteristic% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Eukarya}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Eukaryotic cells \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Organelles: \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Nucleus \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Nucleolus \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Membrane bound organelles \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Ribosomes% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{History of Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1665; Robert Hooke & Named cells \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1830s; T. Schwann & Stated that cells make up all living things \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1850s; Mettius Schleiden & Stated "...the vital process of individual cells must form first and is the basis of life" \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Late 1850s; Rudolf Virchow & Established the cell theory with other scientists \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Theory}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) All living things are made of cells, cells are the unit of life for all living things} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Cells arise from preexisting cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plasma Membrane}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538516464_plasma membrane.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Phospholipid bilayer formed by the presence of water due to hydrophobic interaction \newline Function = control what goes in and out of the cell}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Proteins in Cell Membrane}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Integral Protein & Proteins that go completely through the protein \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Peripheral Protein & Surface of the membrane, trigger/receptor proteins = transports/responds \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Glycoprotein/Glycolipid} & used for cell recognition \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cholesterol & Keeps the fluid-like characteristics of the membrane \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gastrula}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538580211_gastrula.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Zygote - Fertilized egg \newline Blastula - Hollow sphere of germ/stem cells}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Homeostasis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Homeostasis} & Ability for a cell/organism to maintain its internal environment \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Apoptosis & Programmed cell death, based on genetics \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Poikilothermic} & Body temperature fluctuates \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Homothermic} & Constant body temperature \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diffusion}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538517024_diffusion.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Movement of a particle/atom/molecule using a concentration gradient, move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Osmosis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538517155_osmosis.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Movement of water using a concentration of water, moving from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Facilitated Diffusion/Passive Transport}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538517456_facilitate difusion.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Diffusion of a large particle (ex. starch), requires an integral protein but no energy}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Active Transport}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538517562_active transport.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Also called "pumps", pumps material against concentration gradient (low to high), requires a protein and energy}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Endocytosis and Exocytosis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538517841_endocytosis.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Other transport mechanisms}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other Transport Mechanisms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Phagocytosis & Used for large materials \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Pinacytosis & Used for small materials \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Forms of exocytosis and endocytosis}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transport Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hypertonic & High concentration \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypotonic & Low concentration \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Isotonic & Equal concentration \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Crenate & Cell shrinks \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lysis & Cell Explodes \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If a cell is hypertonic, the solution is hypotonic and vice versa}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{\seqsplit{Hypertonic/Isotonic/Hypotonic}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538524422_tonicity.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Methods of Nutritional Feeding}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Heterotrophs} & Organisms consumes other organisms \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Autotrophs} & Organisms makes its own foods (photosynthesis) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Chemoautotrophs} & Uses sulfur as a food source \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Organotrophs} & Uses organic compounds for food \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Lithrotrophs} & Uses inorganic compounds for food \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Genetic Material}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nuclear Membrane \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Composed of phospholipids  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- Has pores, allows mRNA to pass through  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Nucleus \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- Contains 2 types of DNA:  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
1) Chromosomes (present during cell division) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
2) Chromatin (uncondensed DNA) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Nucleolus \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- Not membrane-bound ( = no phospholipids) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- Just condensed DNA \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
- Function: synthesize rRNA (ribosomes)% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organelles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organelle & Organ of the cell \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Cytosol & Jelly-like material, cytosol + organelles = cytoplasm \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Golgi Apparatus & Membrane bound; Function: Synthesize carbs, modify proteins \& lipids \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Ribosome & Not membrane bound; Function: Synthesize protein, composed of rRNA \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) & Membrane bound; Has two types: 1) Rough - Contains ribosomes, synthesizes proteins and lipids 2) Smooth - No ribosomes, synthesizes lipids \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Mitochondria & Double membrane bound; Function: Provides 95\% of the cell's energy \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Peroxisome & Membrane bound; Function: Break down toxins \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Vacuoles & Membrane bound; Function: Stores water, minerals, etc \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lysosome & Membrane bound; Function: Breakdown organelles and produce digestive enzymes, ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Cell Wall (Plants) & Composed of cellulose \& pectin (protein fiber) \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.94103 cm} x{3.03597 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organelles (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Chloroplast & Double membrane; Function: Photosynthesis, ONLY IN PLANT CELLS \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Plastids & Double membrane; Function: Store starch, ONLY IN PLANT CELLS \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tonoplasts & Membrane for large central vacuole (which is \textasciitilde{}90\% of of plant cells, holds water, ions, salts, and buffers) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chloroplast}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538526632_chlorplast.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Two reactions: \newline 1) Light reaction (Thylakoid) \newline 2) Dark reaction (Calvin cycle, stroma)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitochondria}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/isabellagates_1538578527_mitochondria.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Provides 95\% of a cell's energy \newline - Matrix: Krebs cycle \newline - Cristae: Electron transport chain (ETC)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cytoskeleton}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Found in all cells, Function: Support and hold shape of the cell, organelle placement, move things} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Microfilament & 7 nm thick, deals with muscle contractions (actin) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Intermediate Filaments & 8-10 nm thick, holds cell shape \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Microtubules & 25 nm thick, moves chromosomes in cell division \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Root Hairs & Cytoplasm projections, Function: water absorption \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Alveoli & Air sacs in the lungs, needs water for gas exchange between blood and the air sac \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Villi & In small intestine, 1,500 microvilli on villi increases surface area \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What Happens Under These Conditions?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Animal cell is in a hypertonic solution} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Cell crenates (gets smaller)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Animal cell is in a hypotonic solution} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Cell lyse (lysis -\textgreater{} cell expands and explodes)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Animal cell is under UV light} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Cell death, causes thymine dimers (thymine bonds with thymine in DNA)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Radiation} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Cause ionization} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Growth hormones as a food additive} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Hormones are estrogen based, possibly causes delayed or early puberty} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pesticide} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Also estrogen based, alligators don't develop sexual organs} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}