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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
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% Document Info
\author{huebee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cardiac-muscle.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (huebee)
  /Subject (Cardiac Muscle Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Cardiac Muscle Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{huebee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/213422/cs/46430/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}huebee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/huebee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 27th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Right Chamber}}: Provides oxygen-poor blood through the Lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Left Chamber}}: Provides oxygen-rich blood through the Body} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Right Atrium}}: Oxygen-poor blood (from body) travels to the right {\emph{AV (Tricuspid) Valve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Right Ventricle}}: Oxygen-poor blood (right atrium) travels to the {\emph{Pulmonary Artery}} via the {\emph{Pulmonary (Semilunar) Valve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Left Atrium}}: Oxygen-rich blood (from lungs) travels to the left ventricle through the left {\emph{AV (Bicuspid/Mitral) Valve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Left Ventricle}}: Oxygen-rich blood (left atrium) travels to the {\emph{Aorta}} via the {\emph{Aortic (Semilunar) Valve}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Heart Valves}}: Allows blood to flow in one direction} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{High Pressure Behind Valve}}: Valve opens} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{High Pressure In Front of Valve}}: Valve closed; does NOT open, ONLY opens in one direction} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Chordae Tendineae}}: Tendinous fibers that connect AV valves to {\emph{Papillary Muscles}}, preventing {\bf{Everting}} of the AV valves during ventricular contraction} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Connective Tissue}}: Dense fibrous ring that surrounds each heart valve and separates the atria from the ventricles, providing an anchor for the heart valves/cardiac muscle} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Endocardium}}: Thin layer of endothelial tissue surrounding the inside of the heart chamber} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Myocardium}}: Middle layer linked by {\emph{Intercalated Disks}}, forming 2 contacts: {\emph{Desmosomes and Gap-Junctions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Desmosomes}}: Responsible for clustering cells} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Gap-Junctions}}: Allow low-resistant electrical flow between muscle cells, forming a {\emph{Functional Syncytium}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Epicardium}}: Thin outer membrane containing a small volume of {\emph{Pericardial Fluid}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pericardial Fluid}}: Fluid that prevents heart from getting friction} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Systole}}: Contraction and Emptying} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Diastole}}: Relaxation and Filling} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{End-Diastolic Volume}}: Blood volume left at the end of {\emph{Diastole}} (Maximum amount of blood held in chamber during the cycle)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Isovolumetric Ventricular Contraction}}: Chamber is closed (no blood can enter/leave); pressure {\bf{Increases}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{End-Systolic Volume}}: Blood volume left after {\emph{Systole}} (Complete ejection)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stroke Volume}}: Amount of blood pumped out {\bf{(End Diastolic Volume - End Systolic Volume)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Isovolumetric Ventricular Relaxation}}: Chamber is closed (no blood can enter/leave); Pressure {\bf{Decreases}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Regulation of Cardiac Output}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cardiac Output (C.O.)}}: Blood volume pumped (per minute) depending on the {\bf{heart rate}} and {\bf{stroke volume}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Heart Rate}}: Regulated by {\bf{Parasympathetic}} and {\bf{Sympathetic}} Nervous Systems} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stroke Volume}}: Volume of venous blood return {\bf{(Intrinsically)}} and the {\bf{Sympathetic Nervous System (Extrinsically)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{C.O. Equation}}: C.O. = H.R. x S.V.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Heart Rate Regulation}}: Mainly controlled by autonomic input, affecting the hypersensitivity of SA node} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Parasympathetic}}: {\bf{Vagus Nerve}} contributes to the SA/AV nodes and the contractile cells} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Parasympathetic Input}}: Mediated by Acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Acetylcholine}}: Causes heart rate to decrease} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Inputs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1748149322_sym.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Blood Flow}}: Calculated by {\bf{Pressure Gradient}} and {\bf{Resistance and Viscosity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Equation}}: F = (Delta) P/R} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Flow Rate (F)}}: Blood volume going through a vessel **(Proportional to r\textasciicircum{}4\textasciicircum{})} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ Pressure Gradient (P)}}: Difference of pressure from the beginning compared to the end of a vessel} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Resistance (R)}}: Resistant of flow {\bf{(Proportional to 1/r\textasciicircum{}4\textasciicircum{})}} {\emph{(3 Factors)}}:} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(1) Blood Viscosity}}: Blood friction due to plasma protein (conc.) and red blood cell count} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(2) Vessel Length}}: Blood friction along vessel walls {\bf{(Proportional to length)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(3) Vessel Radius}}: Blood friction along vessel walls {\bf{(Inversely Proportional to 1/r\textasciicircum{}4\textasciicircum{})}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Baroreceptors}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Baroreceptor Reflex}}: Regulates cardiac output and total peripheral resistance} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Baroreceptors}}: Mechanoreceptors detect blood pressure through force of the pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Baroreceptor Reflex (High BP)}}: Decrease heart rate, stroke volume, arteriolar, and venous vasodilation} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Baroreceptor Reflex (Low BP)}}: Increase heart rate, stroke volume, arteriolar, and venous vasodilation} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Local Physical Control}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Temperature}}: Inversely proportionate to Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Tone} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Myogenic Response}}: Arteriolar smooth muscle contract when stretched} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intrinsic (Local) Metabolic Changes (Control)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Local Metabolic Changes}}: Cause dilation in smooth muscle tone via {\bf{Mediators (Nitric Oxide)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{O2 Concentration}}: Decreases as metabolism increases (Inverse)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{CO2 Concentration}}: Increases as metabolism increases (Proportional)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{pH}}: CO2 increases and blood pH lowered by Lactic Acid} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Extracellular K+ Concentration}}: Increased neuronal activity exceeding Na+/K+ ATPase} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Osmolarity}}: Increase solute concentration} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Adenosine}}: Released when metabolism is increased} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Prostaglandins}}: Derived from fatty acid metabolism} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Histamine Release}}: From damaged tissues, causing vasodilation and inflammation} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anatomy of the Heart}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1747974947_heart.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Autorhythmicity}}: Self-generated rhythmic activity from cardiac muscle cells that produce {\emph{Pacemaker Activity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pacemaker Cells}}: Clustered into {\bf{Nodes}}, regulating rate and coordination of contractions} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pacemaker Activity}}: 1\% of cardiac muscle ({\emph{Autorhythmic and Intrinsically}}) that self-generate AP at a regular frequency via {\emph{Pacemaker Potentials}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Contractile Cells}}: 99\% of the cardiac muscles that are responsible for pumping but {\bf{DO NOT}} self-generate AP} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Autorhythmic Cells}}: Cyclically generate AP (through heart) to trigger rhythmic contractions} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nodes}}: Clusters of cells that produce pacemaker activity} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sinoatrial (SA) Node}}: Cluster of pacemaker cells (right atrium), firing {\bf{70}} AP per minute {\emph{(Fastest)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atrioventricular (AV) Node}}: Cluster of pacemaker cells (right atrium), firing {\bf{50}} AP per minute ({\emph{Slower}})} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bundle of His}}: Pacemaker cells (AV node) that branches to the left/right ventricles} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Purkinje Fiber}}: Small pacemaker cells ({\emph{Bundle of His}}), spreading through ventricular myocardium, firing {\bf{30}} AP per minute {\emph{(Slowest)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Interatrial Pathway}}: Cardiac cells that carry pacemaker activity (Right atrium -\textgreater{} Left atrium)} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Internodal Pathway}}: Cardiac cells that transmit pacemaker activity from the SA node to the AV node} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{AV Nodal Delay}}: 100ms delay in AV Node conduction, ensuring that the ventricles contract after atrial contraction} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mechanical Events of the Cardiac Cycle Diagram}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1747977562_sys.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parasympathetic Release of Acetylcholine}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{SA Node}}: Higher permeability to K+, delaying inactivation of K+ channels, causing {\bf{Greater Hyperpolarization}} and {\bf{Slow K+}} of pacemaker potential} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{AV Node}}: Higher permeability to K+, reducing excitability and delay response to input from SA Node} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atrial Contractile Cells}}: Reduces Ca2+ permeability and strength of contraction} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sympathetic Release of Norepinephrine}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sympathetic Nerves}}: {\bf{Increase}} heart rate by supplying the SA/AV Nodes and ventricles via {\bf{Norepinephrine}} through {\bf{Beta-Adrenergic}} receptors} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{SA Node}}: Lower K+ permeability speeds up inactivation K+ channels leading to {\bf{Less Hyperpolarization}} and faster K+} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{AV Node}}: Increase conduction velocity, reduce AV nodal delay, and slightly increase Ca2+ permeability} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bundle of His \& Purkinje Fibers}}: Similar actions as the AV Node} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atrial/Ventricular Contractile Cells}}: Increase contractile strength via increasing Ca2+ permeability} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic Organization}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteries}}: Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arterioles}}: Small (Diameter) vessel branches from arteries that lead to the organs} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Capillaries}}: Smallest (Diameter) vessels formed when arterioles branch} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Venules}}: Vessels that form when capillaries join together} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Veins}}: Large (Diameter) vessels formed by merging venules} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Microcirculation}}: Collection of arterioles, capillaries, and venules} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteries}}: Channel for low resistance blood flow due to {\bf{Pressure Reservoir}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pressure Reservoir}}: Driving force during {\bf{Ventricular Diastole}} due to elasticity of artery walls {\bf{(Elastin)}}, which can expand and store pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arterioles}}: Vascular resistance in circulatory system regulates cardiac output and arterial pressure, both {\bf{Intrinsically and Extrinsically}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Capillary Exchange}}: Exchanges materials between blood and interstitial space} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Interstitial Fluid}}: Same composition as arterial blood} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exchange}}: Through (1) {\bf{Diffusion}} and (2) {\bf{Bulk Flow}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Diffusion}}: Blood moving down its concentration gradient} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bulk Flow}}: Maintains fluid balance between blood and extracellular space; permits flow of plasma {\bf{(NOT proteins/blood cells)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ultrafiltration}}: Bulk flow in {\bf{tissues}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reabsorption}}: Bulk Flow in {\bf{capillaries}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Veins}}: Reservoir for blood and channel for blood flow to heart} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Venous Capacity}}: Volume of blood veins can withstand} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Venous Return}}: Volume of blood entering each atrium per minute} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors That Influence Bulk Flow}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(1) Capillary Blood Pressure (P\textasciitilde{}c\textasciitilde{})}}: Pushes fluid from capillaries to the interstitial fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(2) Plasma-Colloid Osmotic Pressure (π\textasciitilde{}p\textasciitilde{})}}: Draws water into capillaries from interstitial fluid via protein concentration} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(3) Interstitial Fluid Hydrostatic Pressure (P\textasciitilde{}IF\textasciitilde{})}}: Pushes fluid into capillaries from the interstitial fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{(4) Interstitial Fluid-Colloid Osmotic Pressure (π\textasciitilde{}IF\textasciitilde{})}}: Draws water out of capillaries to the interstitial fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ultrafiltration}}: Positive net pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reabsorption}}: Negative net pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Net Pressure}}: (P\textasciitilde{}c\textasciitilde{} + π\textasciitilde{}IF\textasciitilde{}) - (P\textasciitilde{}IF\textasciitilde{} + π\textasciitilde{}p\textasciitilde{})} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Pressure Abnormalities}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hypertension }}: High BP above 140/90 mmHg} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Primary Hypertension}}: 90\% of cases, unknown} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Secondary Hypertension}}: 10\% of cases, occurs 2nd to 1st} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hypotension}}: Low BP below 100/60 mmHg} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pacemaker Activity of Cardiac Cells}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1747976251_act.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pacemaker Activity of Cardiac Autorhythmic Cells}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1747975428_act.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrical Activity of the Heart (Cont.)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Excitation-Contraction Coupling}}: Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} entry into the cytosol differs from that in skeletal muscle cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dyhydropyridine Receptors}}: Voltage-gated Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} channels in cardiac T-Tubules} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{AP Invades T-Tubule Membranes}}: {\emph{Dyhydropyridine Receptors}} open, letting Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} enter the cytosol} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} Entry}}: Triggers more Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} release from the SR; both sources of cytosolic Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} drive contraction strength based on Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} concentration (Proportional to \# of cross-bridges)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Electrocardiogram (ECG)}}: Records heart's electrical activity (AP) via surface voltage differences to detect abnormalities} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ECG Waveforms (P-Wave)}}: {\emph{Depolarization}} of the {\emph{Atria}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ECG Waveforms (QRS-Complex)}}: {\emph{Depolarization}} of the {\emph{Ventricles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ECG Waveforms (T-Wave)}}: {\emph{Repolarization}} of the {\emph{Ventricles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ECG Waveforms (PR-Segment)}}: AV Node Delay} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrocardiogram Waveforms}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1747977102_cardio.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heart Sounds}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lub}}: {\emph{Low-pitched}}, soft and relative long {\bf{(AV Valves closes)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dup}}: {\emph{High-pitched}}, sharp and short sound {\bf{(Semilunar Valves closes)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Murmurs}}: Uncommon heart sounds (cardiac disease) from turbulent blood flow through broken valves} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stenotic Valve}}: {\bf{Does NOT OPEN Completely}}; Producing {\bf{Whistling}} sounds} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Insufficient Valve}}: {\bf{Does NOT CLOSE Properly}}; Producing {\bf{Swishing}} sounds} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stroke Volume Regulation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Extrinsically}}: {\bf{Sympathetic Nervous System}} controls neural activity} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Intrinsically}}: {\bf{Venous Blood Return}} (Volume)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function of Both Factors}}: Increase SV by raising contraction strength} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Intrinsic Control}}: The {\bf{Frank-Starling Law of the Heart}} (End-diastolic volume and SV)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Frank-Starling Curve}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sympathetic Stimulation}}: Shifts the Frank-Starling curve to the left} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{At End-Diastolic Volume}}: Increase Ca2+, which increases contractile force and SV} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Heart Failure}}: Decrease cardiac contractility and shifts curve downward and to the right} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Frank-Starling Curve (Graph)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1748152858_frank.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Volume Differences}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1748152917_vol.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sphygmomanometer}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sphygmomanometer}}: Used to measure {\bf{Systolic}} and {\bf{Diastolic}} pressure by listening to sound of blood} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pressure \textgreater{}120 mmHg}}: No blood flow and no sound} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pressure between 120-180 mmHg}}: Turbulent blood flow and intermittent sounds} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pressure \textless{}80 mmHg}}: Smooth blood flow and no sound} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pressure Throughout the Systemic Circulation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Left Ventricular Pressure}}: Between 0 mmHg {\bf{(During Diastole)}} to 120 mmHg {\bf{(During Systole)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arterial Pressure}}: Fluctuates between 120 mmHg {\bf{(Systolic)}} to 80 mmHg {\bf{(Diastolic)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteriolar Pressure}}: Large pressure drop {\bf{(Systolic to Diastolic convert to Non-Pulsatile Pressure)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pressure}}: Decline at slower rate (When blood flows through capillaries and venous system)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arterial Pressure}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pulse Pressure}}: Difference between {\bf{Systolic and Diastolic pressure}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mean Arterial Pressure}}: Regulated by blood pressure reflexes} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mean Arterial Pressure}} Diastolic Pressure + 1/3 Pulse Pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arterial Pressure (Graph)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/huebee_1748155242_press.JPG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Influencing Venous Return}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sympathetic Activity}}: Causes vasoconstriction, increasing venous pressure/return} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Skeletal Muscle Activity}}: Skeletal muscles contract, squeezing veins and increases venous pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Venous Valves}}: Prevent backflow (In lumen of large veins)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Respiratory Activity}}: Chest pressure decreases during respiration, increasing pressure between veins and lower body/chest} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cardiac Suction}}: Below 0 mmHg during ventricular contraction, increasing venous pressure and pulling venous blood into atria} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}