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% Document Info
\author{ilsccsonoa (holscassidy)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (the-respiratory-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ilsccsonoa (holscassidy))
  /Subject (The Respiratory system Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{The Respiratory system Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ilsccsonoa (holscassidy)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/185549/cs/38769/}}}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ilsccsonoa (holscassidy) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/holscassidy} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structural zones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{upper respiratory tract}} & {\bf{lower respiratory tract}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- nose & - larynx \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- pharynx & - trachea \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - bronchi \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & - lungs \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nasal cavities}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{bony framework} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}frontal bone, nasal bones, maxilla} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cartilaginous framework} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}lateral nasal cartilages, septal cartilage, alar cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{nasal cavity} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}hollow space behind nose that air flows through} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{septum} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}thin wall made of cartilage/bone, divides inside of nose into two chambers} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mucous membrane} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}thin tissue lining nose, sinuses \& throat, warms \& moistens air breathed in \& makes sticky mucus that cleans the air of particles/dust} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{turbinates} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}curved, bony ridges lined with mucous membrane - warm \& moisten air} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sinuses} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}hollow, air-filled chambers in bones around your nose - mucus from sinuses drains into nasal cavity} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 0)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{c} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- external nose is visible on face \newline - internal nose is large cavity beyond nasal vestibule, divided by septum into right/left nares}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{O2 transport}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{in the blood, some O2 is dissolved in plasma as a gas (about 1.5\%)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{most O2 (about 98.5\%) is carried attached to Hb} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{oxygenated Hb = oxyhaemoglobin} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{** the higher the Po2, the more O2 combines with Hb} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Volume-pressure relationship - Boyles law}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of the container% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ventilation-perfusion coupling}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{blood flow to each area of the lungs matches the extent of airflow to alveoli in that area \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
in the lungs, {\bf{vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia}} diverts pulmonary blood from poorly ventilated areas of the lungs to well-ventilated regions \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
in all other body tissues, {\bf{hypoxia causes dilation}} of blood vessels to increase blood flow% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Alveoli}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{type I cell} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}simple squamous epithelial cells - site of gas exchange} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{type II cell} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}cuboidal epithelial cells, microvilli, secrete surfactant, lowers surface tension} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{alveolar macrophages} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}remove dust} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{fibroblasts} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}reticular/elastic fibers} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cup-shaped out-pouchings which participate in gas exchange, alveolar sac comprises two or more alveoli that share a common opening}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Control}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/holscassidy_1684343898_Screen Shot 2023-05-17 at 18.17.44.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Respiration}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) pulmonary ventilation} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) external (pulmonary) respiration} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) internal (tissue) respiration} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{External respiration}} (pulmonary) is gas exchange between alveoli \& blood \newline {\bf{Internal respiration}} (tissue) is gas exchange between systemic capillaries \& tissues of the body \newline  \newline the rate of pulmonary \& systemic gas exchange depends on... \newline 1. partial pressure difference of the gases \newline 2. SA available for gas exchange \newline 3. diffusion distance \newline 4. molecular weight \& solubility of gases}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gross anatomy of lungs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/holscassidy_1684342174_Screen Shot 2023-05-17 at 17.49.08.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pneumothorax - air \newline hemothorax - blood/pus}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulmonary lobule}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{respiratory bronchioles give way to alveolar ducts \& the simple cuboidal epithelium changes to {\bf{squamous}} which comprises the alveolar ducts, sacs \& alveoli.  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
{\bf{bronchioles}} mark the start of the {\bf{respiratory zone}}% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{each pulmonary lobule is wrapped in {\bf{elastic connective tissue}} \& contains a lymphatic vessel, an arteriole, a venule \& a terminal bronchiole.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trachea - windpipe}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- semi-rigid pipe made of {\bf{semi-circular cartilaginous rings}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- located anterior to esophagus \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- approx. 12cm - extends from inferior portion of larynx \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
- divides into {\bf{right \& left primary bronchi}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- composed of {\bf{four layers}}: \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
1. mucosa (mucous-secreting epithelium) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
2. submucosa \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
3. hyaline cartilage \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
4. adventitia% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functional zones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{conducting zone}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}involved with bringing air to site of external respiration, consists of \seqsplit{nose/pharynx/layrnx/trachea/bronchi/bronchioles/terminal} bronchioles.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{respiratory zone}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}main site of gas exchange, consists of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{air passing through the respiratory tract transverses the...  \newline 1. nasal cavity \newline 2. pharynx \newline 3. larynx \newline 4. trachea \newline 5. primary bronchi \newline 6. secondary bronchi \newline 7. tertiary bronchi \newline 8. bronchioles \newline 9. alveoli (150 million/lung)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CO2 transport}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{transported in blood in three different forms:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{7\% = dissolved in plasma (gas)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{70\% = converted into {\bf{carbonic acid}} by carbonic anhydrase before dissociated into bicarbonate \& protons} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{23\% is attached to Hb forming {\bf{carbaminohaemoglobin}} (Hb-CO2) but not at same binding sites as oxygen} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CO2 + H2O \textless{}-{}-{}-\textgreater{} H2CO3  \textless{}-{}-{}-\textgreater{} HCO3\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \newline .....................                      CA}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bronchial tree}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- epithelium} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- goblet cells} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- ciliated cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- glands} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- hyaline cartilage} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- smooth muscle} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- elastic fibers} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{trachea -{}-\textgreater{} primary bronchi -{}-\textgreater{} secondary bronchi -{}-\textgreater{} tertiary bronchi -{}-\textgreater{} bronchioles -{}-\textgreater{} terminal bronchioles} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{all branches from trachea to terminal bronchioles are {\bf{conducting airways}} \& do not participate in gas exchange.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulmonary circulation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/holscassidy_1684342434_Screen Shot 2023-05-17 at 17.51.18.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{lungs receive blood via two sets of arteries: \newline 1. {\bf{pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated}} blood from right heart to lungs for oxygenation \newline 2. {\bf{bronchial arteries}} branch from aorta \& {\bf{deliver oxygenated}} blood to lungs primarily perfusing the muscular walls of the bronchi \& bronchioles.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cilia}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cilia in upper respiratory tract move {\bf{mucous \& trapped particles}} down toward pharynx. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
cilia in lower respiratory tract move them up toward larynx.% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulmonary ventilation - breathing}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- movement of air between atmosphere \& alveoli, consisting of inhalation/exhalation \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- changes to intra-thoracic volume allow ventilation to occur% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{rate of airflow \& effort required depend on \newline 1. alveolar surface tension \newline 2. compliance of the lungs \newline 3. airway resistance}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Larynx - voice box}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{composed of {\bf{nine pieces of cartilage}}, forms a short passageway connecting the {\bf{laryngopharnx }}with the trachea% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pharynx}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{hollow tube that starts posterior to internal nares \& descends to opening of larynx in neck, formed by complex arrangement of skeletal muscles that assist in deglutition \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
 functions as... \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
1. passageway \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
2. resonating chamber \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
3. housing for tonsils% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{O2 transport}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{in the blood, some O2 is dissolved in plasma as a gas (about 1.5\%)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{most O2 (about 98.5\%) is carried attached to Hb} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{oxygenated Hb = oxyhaemoglobin} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ the higher to Po2, the more O2 combines with Hb}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}