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\author{ilsccsonoa (holscassidy)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (the-exocrine-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ilsccsonoa (holscassidy))
  /Subject (The Exocrine system Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{The Exocrine system Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ilsccsonoa (holscassidy)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/185549/cs/38763/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ilsccsonoa (holscassidy) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/holscassidy} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 17th May, 2023.\\
   Updated 17th May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lipid-soluble hormones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Steroid hormones}} & aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone, oestrogen \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Tyroid hormones}} & T3 \& T4 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Gases}} & nitric oxide (hormone \& neurotransmiter) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. lipid-soluble hormone {\bf{diffuses}} into cell \newline 2. {\bf{activated receptor-hormone complex}} alters {\bf{gene expression}} \newline 3. newly formed {\bf{mRNA}} directs synthesis of {\bf{specific proteins}} on {\bf{ribosomes}} \newline  \newline - increase {\bf{solubility}} in blood \newline - {\bf{slow rate of hormone loss}} in urine \newline - provide a ready {\bf{reserve}} of hormone}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hypothalamus \& pituitary gland}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the hypothalamus is the major link between nervous \& endocrine systems, \& it {\bf{regulates}}the pituitary gland. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
the pituitary gland is pea-shaped \& secretes {\bf{7}} hormones, it had two \seqsplit{anatomically/functionally} distinct portions, the {\bf{anterior pituitary}} is {\bf{stimulated}} by {\bf{releasing}} hormones from {\bf{hypothalamus}} \& is {\bf{suppressed}} by inhibiting them.% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pineal gland}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{small endocrine gland attached to roof of third ventricle, secretes {\bf{melatonin}} which contributes to maintaining {\bf{biological clock}} \& more is secreted in {\bf{darkness}} - gland is very developed in nocturnal animals.% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9154 cm} x{1.8308 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Parathyroid glands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone + source}} & {\bf{control}} & {\bf{Action}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
PTH from chief cells & low blood Ca2+ levels stimulate secretion (\& vice versa) & increases blood Ca2+ \& Mg2+ levels \& decreases blood HPO4\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{}  level, increases bone resorption by osteoclasts, increases Ca2+ reabsorption * HPO4\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{} excretion by kidneys, promotes formation of calcitriol (vit D active form) which increases rate of dietary Ca2+ \& Mg2+ absorption. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 18)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{two {[}airs of small, round masses of tissue attached to posterior surface of lateral lobes of thyroid gland}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adrenal glands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone + source}} & {\bf{control}} & {\bf{Action}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{a)  {\emph{cortex hormones}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. \seqsplit{mineralocorticoids} from zona glomerulosa cells & increased blood K+ level \& angiotensin II stimulate secretion & increase blood levels of Na+ \& water, decrease blood level of K+ \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
2. \seqsplit{glucocorticoids} from zona fasiculata cells & ACTH stimulates release; \seqsplit{corticotropin-releasing} hormone promotes ACTH secretion in response to stress \& low blood levels of \seqsplit{glucocorticoids} & increase protein breakdown (except in liver), stimulate \seqsplit{gluconeogenesis} \& lipolysis, provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune responses \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 13)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. androgens from zona reticularis cells & ACTH stimulates secretion & assist in early growth of axillary \& pubic hair in both sexes, in females - contribute to libido \& are source of oestrogen after menopause \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Adrenal glands (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{b) {\emph{medulla hormones}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
1. \seqsplit{adrenaline/noradrenaline} from chromaffin cells & sympathetic \seqsplit{preganglionic} neurons release ACh which stimulates secretion & enhances effects of sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system during stress \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{two (one superior to each kidney - suprarenal glands) with two \seqsplit{structurally/functionally} distinct regions - medulla \& cortex.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.60195 cm} x{2.2885 cm} p{0.68655 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water-soluble hormones}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Amine}} hormones & adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine & \seqsplit{(tyrosine)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & histamine & \seqsplit{(histidine)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & serotonin \& melatonin & \seqsplit{(tryptophan)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Peptide/Protein}} hormones & amino acid polymers 3-49aa/50-200aa &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & (peptide) oxytocin, ADH &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & (protein) human growth, insulin &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{eicosanoid}} hormones & derived from arachidonic acid/membrane lipids. Prostaglandins \& leukotrienes. Local hormones secreted by all cells (except RBCs). &  \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{1. hormone binding to receptor {\bf{activates}} G protein, activating {\bf{adenylate cyclase}} \newline 2. activated {\bf{adenylate cyclase}} converts {\bf{ATP -{}-\textgreater{} cAMP}} \newline 3. {\bf{cAMP}} activates protein {\bf{kinases}} \newline 4. activated protein {\bf{kinases}} {\bf{phosphorylate cellular proteins}} \newline 5. millions of {\bf{phosphorylated proteins}} cause reactions that produce physiological responses}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.14425 cm} x{2.47158 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anterior pituitary}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone}} & {\bf{Target tissues}} & {\bf{Action}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
hGH & liver & stimulates liver, muscle, cartilage \& bone to synthesise \& secrete insulin-like growth factos (IGFs) which promote growth of body cells, protein synthesis, tissue repair, lipolysis \& elevates blood {[}glucose{]}. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
TSH & thyroid gland & stimulates synthesis \& secretion of thyroid hormones \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
FSH & ovaries \& testes & initiates development of oocytes \& induces ovarian secretion of estrogens/ stimulates testes to produce sperm \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
LH & ovaries \& testes & stimulates secretion of oestrogen \& progesterone, ovulation \& formation of corpus luteum/ stimulates testes to produce testosterone \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{prolactin} (PRL) & mammary glands & promotes milk production \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.96117 cm} x{1.14425 cm} x{2.47158 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anterior pituitary (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ACTH & adrenal cortex & stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
MSH & brain & exact role unknown, may influence brain activity, excess can cause skin darkening \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pancreas}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone + source}} & {\bf{control}} & {\bf{Action}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
glucagon from alpha cells of pancreatic islets & decreased blood level of glucose, exercise, \& mainly protein meals stimulate secretion, somatostatin (growth hormone) \& insulin inhibits. & raises blood glucose by accelerating glycogen breakdown into glucose in liver \seqsplit{(glycogenolysis)}, converting other nutrients into glucose in liver \seqsplit{(gluconeogenesis)} \& releasing glucose in blood \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 15)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
insulin from beta cells of pancreatic islets & increased blood level of glucose, ACh, arginine \& leucine, glucagon GIP, hGH, \& ACTH stimulate, somatostatin inhibits & lowers blood glucose by accelerating transport of glucose into cells, converting glucose into glycogen \& decreasing \seqsplit{glycogenolysis} \& \seqsplit{gluconeogenesis}, increases lipogenesis \& stimulates protein synthesis \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pancreas (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
somatostatin from delta cells of pancreatic islets & pancreatic polypeptide inhibits & inhibits secretion of insulin \& glucagon, slows absorption of nutrients from GI tract \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
pancreatic polypeptide from F cells of pancreatic islets & meals with protein, fasting, exercise \& acute hypoglycemia stimulate, somatostatin \& elevated blood glucose inhibit & inhibits somatostatin secretion, gallbladder contraction \& secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{located posterior \& inferior to stomach, both endocrine \& exocrine gland.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hormone interactions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{permissive effect}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}requires recent/simultaneous exposure to 2nd hormone} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{synergistic effect}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}two hormones have greater impact than individually} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{antagonistic effect}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}two hormones have opposing actions} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cell target responsiveness is dependent on the {[}hormone{]} in blood, number of receptors on target cell, \& the influences of other hormones.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thyroid gland}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone + source}} & {\bf{control}} & {\bf{Action}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
T3 \& T4 from follicular cells & secretion increased by TRH which stimulates release of TSH in response to low thyroid hormone levels, low metabolic rate, cold, pregnancy \& high altitudes. TRH/TSH secretions inhibited by high thyroid hormone levels \& high iodine level & increase basal metabolic rate, stimulate protein synthesis, increase glucose \& fatty acid use for ATP production, increase lipolysis, enhance cholesterol excretion, accelerate body growth, contribute to nervous system development \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 19)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
calcitonin (CT) from \seqsplit{parafollicular} cells & high blood Ca2+ levels stimulate secretion (\& vice versa) & lowers blood levels of Ca2+ \& HPO4\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{} by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts \& by accelerating \seqsplit{calcium/phosphate} uptake into bone \seqsplit{extracellular} matrix \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{butterfly-shaped, located inferior to larynx \& anterior to trachea. together with hGH \& insulin, thyroid hormones accelerate growth (particularly in nervous/skeletal systems)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Thymus}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- located superiorly to heart \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- secretes {\bf{thymosin}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- promotes proliferation \& maturation of T cells (lymphocyte that destroys microorganisms \& foreign substances)% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Testes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{testosterone} & stimulates descent of testes before birth, regulates spermatogenesis, promotes development \& maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
inhibin & inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- oval glands in scrotum \newline - main hormone produced \& secreted is testosterone}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4177 cm} x{1.16956 cm} x{1.29487 cm} x{1.29487 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Posterior pituitary}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone}} & {\bf{Target tissues}} & {\bf{control}} & {\bf{action}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{oxytocin} & uterus, mammary glands & \seqsplit{neurosecretory} cells of \seqsplit{hypothalamus} secrete OT in response to uterine distention \& stimulation of nipples & stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth; stimulates contraction of \seqsplit{myoepithelial} cells in mammary glands to cause milk ejection \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 14)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ADH & kidneys, arterioles, \seqsplit{sudoriferous} (sweat) glands & \seqsplit{neurosecretory} cells of \seqsplit{hypothalamus} secrete ADH in response to elevated blood osmotic pressure, dehydration, loss of blood volume, pain or stress; inhibitors of ADH are low blood osmotic pressure, high blood volume \& alcohol & conserves water by decreasing urine volume, decreases water loss through \seqsplit{perspiration}, raises BP by \seqsplit{constricting} arterioles \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 19)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{does not synthesise hormones, stores \& releases oxytocin \& ADH}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ovaries}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hormone}} & {\bf{action}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
estrogens \& progesterone & together with gonadotropic hormones of anterior pituitary, regulate female reproductive cycle \& oogenesis, maintain pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation \& promote development \& maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
relaxin & increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy, helps dilate uterine cervix during labour \& delivery. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
inhibin & inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- paired oval bodies in the female pelvic cavity \newline - produce several steroid hormones}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{skin} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}vit D - mineral homeostasis} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{liver} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}angiotensinogen - increases BP} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{small intestine} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}secretin - increases pancreatic juice secretion} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{heart} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}ANP - decreases bp} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{stomach} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}gastrin - increases stomach motility} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{kidney} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}EPO - increases RBC production} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}