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\author{holly6901 (holly6901)}
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  /Title (sociology-family-exam.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (holly6901 (holly6901))
  /Subject (Sociology family exam Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Sociology family exam Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 23rd April, 2021.\\
   Updated 23rd April, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Nuclear family & A husband and wife and their children who live together in the same household \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Cohabiting couples & Couples who are not married by live together. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ideology of the nuclear family & The argument that the nuclear family is the best family type for individuals and society as a whole \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cereal packet family & An idea developed by Leach – he used this term to demonstrate that the media portrays the nuclear family as the ideal through advertising and TV programs. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Dark side of the family & The negative aspects of the family e.g. abuse, inequality etc. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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Child-centred families & Increasingly children are places at the centre of the family and given more status/decision making power. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 6
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Extension of childhood & The argument that childhood has been extended, possibly because young people now have to stay in education for longer and parents have more income to spend on them. \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Views on the family}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{Functionalism} & Nuclear family - Good \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
New Right & Nuclear family - Good \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Marxists & Nuclear family - serves capitalism \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Radical feminists & Very bad - exploits women \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Liberal feminists & nuclear family - OK \tn 
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% Row 5
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Marxist feminist & Similar to Marxists \tn 
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\seqsplit{Postmodernists} & Unlikely in society \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key research}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Parsons (1951) & The nuclear family performs two essential functions, including; socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities (with males adopting the instrumental role and females adopting the expressive role). He also argued that nuclear families are better for industrial society which might require families to be more mobile –to move for work. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 16)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Grant (2006) & Men are increasingly likely to bring up someone else's children whilst their own are brought up elsewhere. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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Beaujouan \& Bhrolchain (2011) & argue – cohabitation before marriage has become the norm. Couples also live together for longer before getting married. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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ONS (2014) & Marriage is declining \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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Leach & the media promotes the nuclear family as the ideal – on TV programmes, adverts etc. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
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Murdock & functions of the family; primary socialisation, education, emotional function, reproductive function, sexual function \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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Palmer (2007) & toxic childhood – children are being fed a diet of junk food, excessive exposure to violence and porn and a lack of love and discipline due to parents being forced to work long hours. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Furedi (2001) & paranoid parenting – parents are now terrified of risk and harm to their children – this can lead to helicopter parenting where parents fuss over their children and restrict their lifestyles \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Cunningham (2007) & The home habitat of children has shrunk to 1/9th of the size it was 25 years ago as children's movements are restrictied. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
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Bhatti (1999) & Asian children are bought up more strictly than white British children-with more emphasis on family honour. \tn 
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Barn (2006) & ethnic minority groups – Pakistani, Bangladeshi and black families are more likely to grown up in poverty, affecting their experiences of childhood. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- UK society is moving away from marriage to serial monogamy} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Because of secularisation religious marriages are decreasing} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Entry into marriage is being postponed} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Cohabitation is now more accepted but was seen as a sin in the past} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Most couples who cohabit go on to marry} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- In the last 20 years, cohabitation outside of marriage has doubled} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perspectives about family diversity}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{Functionalism} & Negative - The nuclear family is universal and performs 4 main functions \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
New Right & Very negative - Heterosexual nuclear families underpinned by marriage is the ideal family type \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Marxism & Positive - The nuclear family functions to serve capitalism \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
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Radical feminism & Very positive - The nuclear family is rooted in patriarchy and taught to children through gender role socialisation \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
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Marxist feminism & Radical + Marxists \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Postmodernism} & Very positive - The greater variety of choices and freedoms that characterise a postmodern society has led to greater diversity and fluidity in the form families now take \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Childhood}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-  Sociologists believe childhood and adolescences is a social  construction or a set of social attitudes. Childhood varies across societies, cultures, places and historical time periods} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Sociologists argue until the mid-19th century children weren't treated as special and worked alongside adults} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- In 1880, education became compulsory which prevented children from working and that modern childhood is a 20th century invention} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Childhood diversity}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Gender & Girls  may be more strictly brought up \tn 
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Class + Ethnicity & Barn (2006): Children from ethnic backgrounds may experience similar deprivation to white working-class children \tn 
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Class & Upper-class children may spend most of their childhood in boarding schools away from home \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Childhood and power}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Children have limited opportunity to earn money and therefore, rely on parents more} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Laws give parents control over their children} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Parents control children's responsibilities and the speed they grow up} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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