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% Document Info
\author{HeirofFire}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (uric-acid-lowering-drugs.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (HeirofFire)
  /Subject (Uric Acid Lowering Drugs Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Uric Acid Lowering Drugs Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{HeirofFire} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/192916/cs/40358/}}}
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\noindent
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}HeirofFire \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/heiroffire} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th September, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathophysiology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Gout is a common and complex form of}} & arthritis \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Characterization of Gout & sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in one or more joints, most often in the big toe \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
How Uric Acid normally is eliminated in the body & dissolves in the blood and passes through the kidneys into the urine. If too much is produced, the kidneys excrete too little uric acid, which it then bbuilds up. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Build up of Uric Acid characterization}} & forming sharp, needlelike uric acid crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue that cause pain, inflammation and swelling \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Nucleic Acid components}} & Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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Nucleotides & Monomers: phosphate, base, ribose \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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{\bf{Purines}} & Guanine and Adenine \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 7
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{\bf{Purine Ring Structure}} & double ring structure \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathophysiology (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pyrimadine}} & Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Pyrimadine Ring Structure}} & single ring \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 10
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Formation of Uric Acid & purine breakdown \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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{\bf{Purine Foods}} & liver, shellfish, alcohol \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 12
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{\bf{Xanthine oxidase}} & Enzyme required to produce uric acid by the breakdown of purine nucelotides \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 13
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Hypoxanthine is catalyzed by xantine oxidase into & Xanthine \tn 
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% Row 14
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{\emph{Xanthine Oxidase catalyzes}} & the breakdown reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 15
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AMP get converted to & hypoxanthine \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 16
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GMP is converted into & Xanthine \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 17
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Hypoxanthine & 1 oxygen atom \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 18
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Xanthine & 2 oxygen \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 19
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Uric acid & 3 oxygens \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 20
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Xanthine is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase itno & uric acid \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 21
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Uric Acid Pka & 5.3, weak organic acid \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pathophysiology (cont)}}  \tn
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Uric Acid pH & 7.4 (virtually {\bf{all uric acid is in its DE-protonated and much more soluble urate form}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 23
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Function of Xanthine Oxidase & Uric acid Synthesis \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.64784 cm} x{1.78516 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Uric Acid Lowering Therapies}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase & Reduces UA {\emph{generation}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Inhibition of URA1 and GLU9 & Reduce UA {\emph{reabsorption}} in kidney \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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Adding Uricase & Convert UA to Allantoin \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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{\bf{First line Urate lowering therapy}} & Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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{\bf{Second line}} & Benzbromarone, Probenecid, pegloticase \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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{\bf{Benzbromarone}} & Increase renal urate excretion \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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{\bf{Probenecid}} & Increase renal urate excretion \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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{\bf{Pegloticase}} & UA degradation \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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Purine like XOI & Allopurinol \tn 
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% Row 9
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Non-Purine (specific) like XOI & Febuxostat \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 10
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Xanthine Oxidase enzyme & protein is large, Mol Weight 270 kDa \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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{\bf{active sites of Xanthine Oxidase}}. & molybdenum atoms are contained as molybdopterin cofactors \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 12
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Allopurinol metabolite & Oxypurinol. Analogues of hypoxanthine and xanthine. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 13
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{\bf{Molybdopterins}} & class of cofactors found in most \seqsplit{molybdenum-containing} and all tungsten-containing enzymes \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Uric Acid Lowering Therapies (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Synonyms for molybdopterin are: & MPT and \seqsplit{pyranopterin-dithiolate}. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
suicide inhibitor of XO & oxipurinol \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Uric Acid Reabsorption Inhibitor}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
major urate reabsorption transporter & Urate anion transporter 1 URAT1 (SLC22A12 gene) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Location of Uric Acid Reabsorption Inhibition}} & {\bf{Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Uric Acid Reabsorption Inhibition & Inhibit URAT1 and GLUT9 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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URAT1 & OAT transporter family. Anion exchanger that specifically reabsorbs uric acid fro mthe PCT in exchange for Cl \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
GLUT9 & glucose transporter family. proximal tubule of kidney, transports uric acid across basolacteral membrane into the blood \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
GLUT9a vs GLUT9b & differs at N-terminal domain \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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{\bf{Probenecid}} & acts by inhibiting URAT 1 and GLUT 9 transporters \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Prototypical uricosuric drug & probenecid \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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{\bf{Benzobromarone}} & Potent uricosuric. More potent than probenecid. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.47619 cm} x{1.95681 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Uricases}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Uricase}} & the enzyme responsible for the breaking down of urate to the more water-soluble allantoin was somehow lost during the evolution of man. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Pegloticase}} & porcine recombinant polyethylene-glucol conjugated uricase \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pegloticase MOA & genetically altered variant of Escherichia coli, catalyzing uric acid to the water-soluble purine metabolite allantoin \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Uric acid is \_\_\_\_ to allantoin & Oxidized \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}