\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{hasansheikh1}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cosc121.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (hasansheikh1)
  /Subject (Cosc121 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Cosc121 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{hasansheikh1} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/214069/cs/46619/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}hasansheikh1 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/hasansheikh1} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th June, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{plot\_squared() - NumPy + Matplotlib Plotting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{import numpy as np \newline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt \newline  \newline def plot\_squared(n, x0, x1): \newline     xs = np.linspace(x0, x1, n) \newline     ys = xs {\emph{ xs \newline     plt.plot(xs, ys) \newline     plt.title("y = x }} x") \newline     plt.xlabel("x") \newline     plt.ylabel("y") \newline     plt.grid(True) \newline     plt.show()}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{afunction() - Nested While Loops}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{def afunction(value1, value2): \newline     op1 = 0 \newline     while op1 \textless{} value1: \newline         op2 = value1 \newline         while op2 \textgreater{} value2: \newline             result = op1 * op2 \newline             print(f"\{op1:3\} × \{op2:3\} = \{result:3\}") \newline             op2 -= 1 \newline         op1 += 1}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Max Finder}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{'ye' \newline def main(): \newline     'ye' \newline     filename = input("Filename? ") \newline     with open(filename, "r") as file: \newline         max\_int = None \newline         for line in file: \newline             line = int(line) \newline             if max\_int == None or line \textgreater{} max\_int: \newline                 max\_int = line \newline         print(f"Largest number found: \{max\_int\}") \newline main()}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{def case\_fixer(input\_name, output\_name): \newline     "ye" \newline     with open(input\_name, 'r') as infile, open(output\_name, 'w') as outfile: \newline         for line in infile: \newline             cleaned\_line = line.strip().lower() \newline             \seqsplit{outfile.write(cleaned\_line} + '\textbackslash{}n') \newline  \newline line.strip()      \# Remove leading/trailing whitespace \newline line.split()      \# Split into list of words \newline line.split(',')   \# Split by comma \newline d.lower(), .upper(), .title()  \# Case transforms}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{outputs}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{def trongo(x): \newline     print(len(x)) \newline     s = set(x) \newline     y = \{'fo', 'to', 'fun'\} \newline     if len(s.intersection(y)) == 1: \newline         s = s.union(y) \newline         print(", ".join(sorted(list(s)))) \newline  \newline \# Example usage: \newline trongo({[}'fo', 'fi', 'hasan', 'fi', 'hasan'{]}) \newline \# Output: \newline \# 5 \newline \# fi, fo, fun, hasan, to}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Student Class 1}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{class Student: \newline     def \_\_init\_\_(self, student\_id, usercode, first\_name, family\_name): \newline         self.student\_id = int(student\_id) \newline         self.usercode = str(usercode) \newline         self.first\_name = str(first\_name) \newline         self.family\_name = str(family\_name) \newline         self.courses = set() \newline  \newline     def \_\_str\_\_(self): \newline         return f"\{self.student\_id\} \{self.family\_name.upper()\}, \{self.first\_name.capitalize()\}" \newline  \newline     def \seqsplit{get\_email\_address(self):} \newline         return f"\{self.usercode\}@uclive.ac.nz"}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dicts}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{def \seqsplit{inverted\_word\_counts(word\_count\_dict):} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
    "ye" \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
    inverted = \{\} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
    for word, word\_count in \seqsplit{word\_count\_dict.items():} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
        if word\_count in inverted: \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
            inverted{[}word\_count{]}.append(word) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
        else: \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
            inverted{[}word\_count{]} = {[}word{]} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
    for words in inverted.values(): \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
        words.sort() \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
    return inverted \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
def find\_key(input\_dict, value): \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
    "ye" \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
    for key, val in input\_dict.items(): \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
        if val == value: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
            return key \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1)
    return None% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bar Graph}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{import numpy as np \newline import matplotlib.pyplot as plt \newline  \newline def main(): \newline     rainfalls = \seqsplit{np.loadtxt('laketaylorstation2005.txt'}, delimiter=',', skiprows=9, usecols=3) \newline     days = np.arange(1, len(rainfalls) + 1) \newline     axes = plt.axes() \newline     axes.bar(days, rainfalls) \newline     axes.set\_title("Lake Taylor Station Rainfalls, 2005") \newline     axes.set\_xlabel("Day number") \newline     \seqsplit{axes.set\_ylabel("Rainfall} (mm)") \newline     axes.grid(True) \newline     plt.show() \newline  \newline main()}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Student Class 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{def enrol\_course(self, course): \newline         self.courses.add(course) \newline  \newline     def is\_enrolled\_in(self, course): \newline         return course in self.courses \newline  \newline def main(): \newline     astudent = Student(1234567, "ffn127", "first NAMES", "Family name") \newline     print(type(astudent)) \newline     print(astudent) \newline     \seqsplit{astudent.enrol\_course("COSC121")} \newline     \seqsplit{print(astudent.is\_enrolled\_in("COSC121"))} \newline     \seqsplit{print(astudent.is\_enrolled\_in("COSC122"))} \newline     \seqsplit{print(astudent.get\_email\_address())} \newline  \newline main()}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{dict}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{def frequencies(input\_str): \newline     "ye" \newline     count\_dict = \{\} \newline     for char in input\_str: \newline         if char in count\_dict: \newline             count\_dict{[}char{]} += 1 \newline         else: \newline             count\_dict{[}char{]} = 1 \newline     return count\_dict}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} p{0.3433 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{class Whatsit: \newline     def \_\_init\_\_(self, grade, name, health): \newline         allowed = \{'Sooglet', 'Throve', 'Plaguelet'\} \newline         if grade not in allowed: \newline             raise ValueError('Invalid Whatsit grade') \newline         self.grade = grade \newline         self.name = name \newline         self.health = max(float(health), 0) \newline  \newline     def \_\_str\_\_(self): \newline         return f"\{self.name\} (\{self.grade\}), health = \{self.health:.1f\}" \newline  \newline     def damage(self, amount): \newline         self.health = max(self.health - amount, 0)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}