\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{ordowe (hahahaha)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (ordowe (hahahaha))
  /Subject (Python3 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
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\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{2178A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F1F6F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Python3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{ordowe (hahahaha)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/80914/cs/19454/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}ordowe (hahahaha) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/hahahaha} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 23rd April, 2019.\\
   Updated 24th April, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.44 cm} x{4.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create an empty list & newlist={[}{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Assign value at index & alist{[}index{]}= value \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Access value at index & alist{[}index{]} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Add item to list & alist.append(new item) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Insert into list & alist.insert(at position, new item) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Count \# of an item in list & alist.count( item ) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Delete 1 matching item & alist.remove(del item) \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Remove item at index & del alist{[}index{]} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Looping}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
For loop 0 thru 9 & for x in range(10): \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
For loop 5 thru 10 & for x in range(5,11): \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
For each char in a string & for char in astring: \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
For items in list & for x in alist: \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
For indexes/values in a list & \{\{noshy\}\}for index,value in enumerate(alist): \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
For each key in a dict & \{\{noshy\}\}for x in adict.keys(): \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
For all items in dict & \{\{noshy\}\}for key,value in adict.items(): \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
while \textless{}logic test\textgreater{} & do: \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exit loop immediately & break \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Skip rest of loop and do loop again & continue \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.964 cm} x{2.888 cm} x{1.748 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Logic and Math Operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Math Operator}} & {\bf{Example}} & {\bf{X=7, Y=5}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Addition & X + Y & 12 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Subtraction & X - Y & 2 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Multiplication & X * Y & 35 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Division & X / Y & 1.4 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Floor & X // Y & 1 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Exponent & X ** Y & 16807 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Modulo & X \% Y & 2 \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Logic Operator}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Equality & X == Y & False \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Greater Than & X \textgreater{} Y & False \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Less Than & X \textless{} Y & True \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Less or Equal & X \textless{}= Y & True \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Not Equal & X !=Y or X\textless{}\textgreater{}Y & True \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bitwise Exclusive Or & a \textasciicircum{} b\{\{nl\}\}xor(a, b) &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.872 cm} x{2.16 cm} x{2.088 cm} x{1.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Converting Data Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Covert}}\{\{nobreak\}\} & {\bf{Syntax}}\{\{nobreak\}\} & {\bf{Example}}\{\{nobreak\}\} & {\bf{Result}}\{\{nobreak\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Num -\textgreater{} string & str(number)\{\{nl\}\}int, float or long & str(100)\{\{nl\}\}str(3.14) & '100' \{\{nl\}\}'3.14' \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Encoded bytes -\textgreater{} string & str(txt,encoding) & str(data,"utf8") & \seqsplit{string} with data \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Num String -\textgreater{} int & \seqsplit{int("string"},base)\{\{nl\}\}default base is 10 & int("42") \{\{nl\}\}int("101",2)\{\{nl\}\} int("ff", 16) & 42 \{\{nl\}\}5\{\{nl\}\} 255 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int -\textgreater{} hex string & \seqsplit{hex(integer)} & hex(255) hex(10) & '0xff'\{\{nl\}\} '0xa' \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
integer -\textgreater{} binary string\{\{nobreak\}\} & \seqsplit{bin(integer)} & bin(5) bin(3) & '0b101'\{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{'0b11'} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
float -\textgreater{} integer & int(float)\{\{nl\}\}drops decimal & \seqsplit{int(3.14159)} int(3.9) & 3\{\{nl\}\} 3 \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
int or str -\textgreater{} float & float(int or str) & \seqsplit{float("3.4")} float(3) & 3.4\{\{nl\}\} 3.0 \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
String -\textgreater{} ASCII & ord(str) & ord("A") ord("1") & 65 \{\{nl\}\}49 \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.872 cm} x{2.16 cm} x{2.088 cm} x{1.08 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Converting Data Types (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
int -\textgreater{} ASCII & \seqsplit{chr(integer)} & chr(65)\{\{nl\}\} chr(49) & 'A' \{\{nl\}\}'1' \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
bytes -\textgreater{} string & \textless{}bytes\textgreater{}.decode()\{\{nobreak\}\} & b'ABC'.decode()\{\{nobreak\}\} & 'ABC' \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
string -\textgreater{} bytes & \textless{}str\textgreater{}.encode()\{\{nobreak\}\} & \seqsplit{'abc'.encode()} & \seqsplit{b'abc'} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{5.36 cm} x{2.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Useful OS functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{import os}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Executing a shell command & os.system() \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rename the file or directory src to dst & \seqsplit{os.rename(src}, dst) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Change working directory & \seqsplit{os.chdir(path)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Get the users environment & os.environ() \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Returns the current working directory & os.getcwd() \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dictionaries}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Create an empty dict & dict=\{\} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Initialize a non-empty dictionary & dict= \{ "key":"value","key2":"value2"\}\{\{noshy\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Assign a value & dict{[}"key"{]}="value"\{\{noshy\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Determine if key exists & "key" in dict \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Access value at key & dict{[}"key"{]}, dict.get("key")\{\{noshy\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Iterable View of all keys & dict.keys() \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Iterable View of all values & dict.values() \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Iterable View of (key,value) tuples & dict.items() \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.812 cm} x{2.128 cm} x{2.66 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Slicing and Indexing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{x{[}start:stop:step{]}}} & {\bf{x={[}4,8,9,3,0{]}}} & {\bf{x="48930"}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
x{[}0{]} & 4 & '4' \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
x{[}2{]} & 9 & '9' \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
x{[}:3{]} & {[}4,8,9{]} & '489' \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
x{[}3:{]} & {[}3,0{]} & '30' \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
x{[}:-2{]} & {[}4,8,9{]} & '489' \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
x{[}::2{]} & {[}4,9,0{]} & '490' \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
x{[}::-1{]} & {[}0,3,9,8,4{]} & '03984' \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
len(x) & 5 & 5 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
sorted(x) & {[}0,3,4,8,9{]} & {[}'0','3','4','8','9'{]} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Misc}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Adding Comments to code:}} \newline \#Comments begin the line with a pound sign \newline  \newline {\bf{Adding Multi-line Comment to code}} \newline """ \newline Multi-Line Comment \newline """ \newline  \newline {\bf{Get user input from keyboard}} \newline name = input("What is your name? ") \newline  \newline {\bf{Functions}} \newline def add(num1, num2): \newline      \#code blocks must be indented \newline      \#each space has meaning in python \newline      myresult = num1 + num2 \newline      return myresult \newline  \newline {\bf{if then else statements}} \newline if \textless{}logic test 1\textgreater{}: \newline      \#code block here will execute \newline      \#when logic test 1 is True \newline elif \textless{}logic test 2\textgreater{}: \newline      \#code block executes if logic test 1 is \newline      \#False and logic test 2 is True \newline else: \newline      \#else has no test and executes when if \newline      \#and all elif are False \newline  \newline {\bf{python3 shebang}} \newline \#!/usr/bin/env python3} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.6 cm} x{4.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Printing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Standard print & print('\{\}'.format(STRING)) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Print string variable & print ("I am \%s" \% name) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Print int variable & print ("I am \%d" \% number) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Print with + & print ("I am " + name) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.16 cm} x{3.84 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String Operations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Make lowercase & "Ab".lower()="ab" \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Make UPPERCASE & "Ab".upper()="AB" \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Make Title Format & "hi world".title()="Hi World" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Replace a substring & "123".replace('2','z')= "1z3" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Count occurrences of substring & \seqsplit{"1123".count("1")=2} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Get offset of substring in string & "123".index("2")=1 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Detect substring in string & "is" in "fish" == True \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}