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\author{gracev (gracev21)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (peripheral-nervous-system-pns.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (gracev (gracev21))
  /Subject (Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Cheat Sheet)
}

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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{gracev (gracev21)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168753/cs/35486/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
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  \uline{cheatography.com/gracev21} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th November, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{spinal nerve pairs}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Numbered by level of vertebral column at which they emerge} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{8 Cervical nerve pairs (C1-C8)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{12 Thoracic nerve pairs (T1-T12)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{5 Lumbar nerve pairs (L1-L5)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{5 Sacral nerve pairs (S1-S5)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1 Coccygeal nerve pair} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4 major nerve plexuses}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cervical plexus & located in neck (C1-C4); individual nerves that come out from cervical plexus they supply muscles and skin of neck, upper shoulders and part of head with nerves; phrenic nerve exit plexus to innervate diaphragm \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
brachial plexus & located deep in shoulder; ventral rami C5 to T1; individual nerves from bracihal plexus innervate lower part of shoulder and entire arm \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
lumbar plexus & located in lumbar region of back; L1 to L4; femoral nerve exits; divides into branches and innervates thigh and leg \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
sacral plexus & located in pelvic cavity; L4 to S4;  innervates skin of leg, posterior thigh muscles leg and foot muscles \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
coccygeal plexus & (S4-S5) skin of coccyx bone \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Motor Autonomic Pathways}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{preganglionic} neuron & impulses from CNS to autonomic ganglion \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{postganglionic} neuron & lies outside CNS, synapses with a preganglionic neuron, terminates in a visceral effector \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.87657 cm} x{0.82386 cm} x{1.87657 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Sympathetic Effects (fight or flight)}} & {\bf{structure}} & {\bf{Parasympathetic Effects (rest and repair)}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Dilation of pupil & eye & constriction of pupil \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stop secretion & \seqsplit{salivaryy} glands & secrete saliva \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
speed up heartbeat & heart rate & Slow down heartbeat \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
secrete adrenaline & \seqsplit{suprarenal} glands & None – not innervated \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
dilate bronchioles & \seqsplit{respiratory} system & constrict bronchioles \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
increase force of breakdown & \seqsplit{skeletal} \seqsplit{muscles} & non not innervated \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
lipid breakdown & \seqsplit{adipose} tissue & none not innervated \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
delay emptying & \seqsplit{urinary} system & empty bladder \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
decrease motility & \seqsplit{digestive} system & increase motility \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
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% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions work together to keep many body functions within homeostatic range} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Both divisions innervate many same organs where actions antagonizeone another-{}-dual innervation} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Allows sympathetic division to dominate during physically demanding periods} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Parasympathetic division preserves homeostasis in same organs between periods of increased physical activity} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{AUTONOMIC TONE: neither division ever completely shut down • Constant amount of activity from each division} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autonomic NTs: Acetylcholine}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Axon terminal of autonomic neurons release one of two NTs} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
1 Acetylcholine (Ach) & Acetylcholine (Ach) cholinergic fibres \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & a. Released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons (excitatory) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & b Released by pre- \& postganglionic parasympathetic neurons \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Termination of Ach action is by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Two types of cholinergic receptors: & 1 Nicotinic receptors – excitatory, found in ganglia (on postganglionic neuron) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2 Muscarinic receptors – excitatory or inhibitory, found in synapses with effector organs and sweat glands \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
2 Norepinephrine & released by adrenergic fibres; Released by most postganglionic sympathetic neurons \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Termination of actions of NE:} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 1Monoamine oxidase (MAO): enzyme breaks up NT for reuptake \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autonomic NTs: Acetylcholine (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2 Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT): enzyme metabolizes remaining NT \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{spinal nerve attaches to spinal cord 2 short roots}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1 a ventral motor root} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2 a dorsal sensory root} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
dorsal root ganglion & swelling in dorsal root of each spinal nerve \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{all spinal nerves are mixed nerves carrying sensory and motor fibers} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{dermatomes vs myotomes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\seqsplit{dermatome} & region of skin surface area supplied by sensory fibers pf a spinal nerve \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{myotome} & skeletal muscle supplied by motor fibers of a spinal nerve \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{cranial nerves}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{name = function ; number = order of emergence} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
sensory cranial nerve & axons of sensory neurons \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
motor cranial nerve & mostly axons of motor neurons little amt of sensory fibers \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
mixed cranial nerve & axons of sensory and motors neurons \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{divisions of PNS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{reflexes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Occurs over pathways- reflex arcs} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Cranial reflex & center of reflex arc is in brain \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Spinal reflex & center of reflex arc is in spinal cord \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Results in} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Somatic reflex & contraction of skeletal muscles \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
autonomic (visceral) reflex & contraction of smooth or cardiac muscle or secretion by glands \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{somatic reflexes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
knee jerk (patellar reflex) & extension of lower leg in response to tapping patellar tendon \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
ankle jerk (achilles reflex) & extension of foot in response to tapping Achilles tendon; muscle relaxation \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
plantar reflex & plantar flexion of all toes, slight turning in and flexion of anterior part of the foot;Response to stimulation of outer edge of the sole \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Babinski sign & extension of great toe, possible fanning of toes, in response to stimulation of outer margin of sole of foot; Present in normal infants until \textasciitilde{}18 mo. then becomes suppressed when corticospinal fibers become fully myelinated; In adults, a positive Babinski sign indicates upper motor neuron disorder \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 13)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Abdominal reflex & drawing in of abdominal wall in response to stroking side of abdomen; Decreased or absent reflex may involve lesions of upper motor neurons \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{somatic reflexes (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
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Corneal reflex & Winking in response to cornea being touched; Mediated by reflex arcs with cranial nerve V fibres, centers in pons, and motor fibres in cranial nerve VII \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Gag reflex & triggered when visceral sensory nerve endings cranial nerve IX in posterior throat are stimulated \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{spinal nerves}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ramus & large branches that form after spinal nerve emerges from spinal canal \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
dorsal ramus & intercostal and thoracic nerves \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ventral ramus & form networks of nerves called plexuses \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{spinal nerves}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{classify CNs}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Business Makes Money} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
olfactory nerve CN I & sense of smell; in nasal mucosa terminate in olfactory bulbs \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Optic Nerve CN II & carries info from eyes to top of brain \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Oculomotor nerve CN III & motor fibres mid brain to eye muscles; nerves of superior medial and inferior rectus and inferior oblique; control amt of light entering eye (up, down, medial, roll eyes) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Trochlear Nerve CN IV & smallest cranial nerve; motor fibers from midbrain to superior oblique muscles of eye (down and in) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
trigeminal nerve CN V & 3 branches: 1 opthalmic, maxillary, mandible; sensory neurons impulses from skin and mucosa of head and teeth; motor fibers extend to muscles of mastication through mandibular nerve (close jaw for chewing and swallowing) \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{classify CNs (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
abducens nerve CN VI & motor nerve lateral rectus muscle in eye; side to side movement \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
facial nerve CN VII & motor fibres originate from pons to superficial muscles of face and scalp; sensory taste buds to anterior 2/3 of the tongue \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{vestibulocochlear} nerve CN VIII & vestibular nerve fibres originate in semicircular canals in inner ear and transmit impulses that result in sensations of equilibrium (Balance)/ cochlear nerve fibres originate in organ of corti in cochlea of inner ear and transmit impulses resulting in sensation of hearing \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 13)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX & sensory fibres to taste buds in posterior 1/3 of tongue // motor fibres to the pharynx for swallowing \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vagus nerve CN X & innervates most thoracic and abdominal viscera / swallowing and speaking \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.18988 cm} x{2.78712 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{classify CNs (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
accessory nerve CN XI & motor nerve that is an "accessory" tp the vagus nerve; innervates muscles of speech, head and shoulders \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
hypoglossal nerve CN XII & motor fibres innervate muscles of tongue and provide voluntary control \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autonomic NTs: Acetylcholine}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Axon terminal of autonomic neurons release one of two NTs} \tn 
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1 Acetylcholine (Ach) & Acetylcholine (Ach) cholinergic fibres \tn 
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 & a. Released by preganglionic sympathetic neurons (excitatory) \tn 
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 & b Released by pre- \& postganglionic parasympathetic neurons \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Termination of Ach action is by acetylcholinesterase (AChE)} \tn 
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Two types of cholinergic receptors: & 1 Nicotinic receptors – excitatory, found in ganglia (on postganglionic neuron) \tn 
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 & 2 Muscarinic receptors – excitatory or inhibitory, found in synapses with effector organs and sweat glands \tn 
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2 Norepinephrine & released by adrenergic fibres; Released by most postganglionic sympathetic neurons \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Termination of actions of NE:} \tn 
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 & 1Monoamine oxidase (MAO): enzyme breaks up NT for reuptake \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autonomic NTs: Acetylcholine (cont)}}  \tn
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 & 2 Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT): enzyme metabolizes remaining NT \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}