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\author{Gomolemo Ralepeli}
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  /Title (unit-3-classifications-of-law.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Gomolemo Ralepeli)
  /Subject (UNIT 3 - CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAW Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{UNIT 3 - CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAW Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Gomolemo Ralepeli} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/163284/cs/47754/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Gomolemo Ralepeli \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/gomolemo-ralepeli} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th March, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DISTINCTION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL \& NATIONAL LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{INTERNATIONAL LAW}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Also known as the {\emph{law of nations}} or {\emph{public international law}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Consists of the rules that primarily govern the relationships between interdependent states.} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{No international world government can lay down rules for all states and enforce them - nevertheless, these rules do exist.} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{These rules may be created by international custom or by international {\emph{treaties (conventions)}} - states which sign the treaties regulate certain relations between them} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Bilateral treaties:}}}} treaties between {\bf{2 states}}} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Multilateral treaties:}}}} treaties between several states.} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Customary International law:}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{settled practices that states regard as {\emph{legally binding norms.}}} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{S39(1) of the Constitution:}} courts in SA when interpreting the Bill of Rights must have regard to international law.} \tn 
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% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{NATIONAL LAW}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Law of a specific state. Also called {\emph{'positive law' (objective law)}}. The whole body of legal rules that is applied and enforced in SA.} \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Distinguish between {\bf{substantive law}} and {\bf{procedural law}}} \tn 
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% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Substantive Law}}} \tn 
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% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Also called {\bf{{\emph{material law}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DISTINCTION BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL \& NATIONAL LAW (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The part of the law which determines the {\bf{content and meaning}} of different legal rules/legal principles. E.g. prohibits criminal offences and determines which acts constitute criminal offences.} \tn 
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% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the {\bf{content and application of the different rights}} and individual may have. E.g. determine how an individual can obtain ownership of property.} \tn 
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% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Procedural Law}}} \tn 
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% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Also called {\bf{{\emph{adjective law}}}}} \tn 
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% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Part of the law which {\bf{{\emph{regulates the enforcement of substantive law}}}}} \tn 
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% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It determines {\bf{the manner in which a case must be practically handled.}} E.g. provides the process according to which someone is prosecuted for murder/provides you with the process of claiming damages.} \tn 
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% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Substantive and procedural law are interdependent}}}}} \tn 
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% Row 22
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Legal system must determine the {\bf{content and meaning}} of different legal rules and prescribe {\bf{what must happen}} when such rules are violated so that disputes can be settled in an orderly and peaceful manner.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Prescribes how people who have allegedly committed criminal offences *(murder, robbery, rape) should be prosecuted.} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It is the task of the state to {\bf{{\emph{prosecute}}}} people who commit criminal offences.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Law of Criminal Procedure lays down the rules for the {\emph{investigation}} of the alleged offence as well as the {\emph{process in court}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{-criminal case}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF CIVIL PROCEDURE}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the {\emph{procedure}} to be followed when an individual wishes to enforce her rights against another. E.g. someone wants to claim damages from another who has damaged their property.} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Law of Civil Procedure determines how such a claim should be instituted.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{- civil case.}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF EVIDENCE}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines how the {\bf{{\emph{facts in either a criminal/civil case must be proven.}}}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{E.g. regulates the manner in which witnesses should lay their evidence before the court; what kinds of evidence is admissible and inadmissible.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SUBSTANTIVE LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{PUBLIC LAW}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the {\bf{{\emph{extent of state authority}}}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It regulates the:} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(1) Organisation of the state} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(2) The relation between the state and its subjects} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Vertical relationship-}}}} state authority v legal subjects} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{PRIVATE LAW}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Regulates the relationships between persons. {\emph{(legal subjects)}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the different {\bf{rights and duties}} that personas may have towards one another} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{These rights and duties}} may find their origin in contracts, delicts, marriage or ownership.} \tn 
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% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The state can also be a party in private law when, for example, it enters into a contract with an individual or causes and individual harm (e.g. police brutality)} \tn 
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% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The instance the state does not act with state authority, it is in the same position as any other person.} \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The private law relationship is an {\bf{{\emph{equal one - horizontal relationship}}}}} \tn 
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% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It should be noted that the idea that the relationship between {\emph{non-state}} actors is always an equal one, is problematic:} \tn 
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% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(1) When the state enters into a contract with a person, stands in a position of power - {\bf{{\emph{power imbalance}}}}} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SUBSTANTIVE LAW (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(2) All individuals are factually {\bf{{\emph{not equal to one another -}}}} individual entering into the contract with a mutlinational organisation.} \tn 
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% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{When a person wants to enforce her rights against another in terms of private law - {\bf{{\emph{the law of civil procedure applies}}}}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{NB}}- also noted that the distinction between public and private law is often artificial. The state often encroaches upon areas of private law, e.g. state through legislation dictates certain contractual relationships between emplyer and employee}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PUBLIC LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{CONSTUTITONAL LAW}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The Constitution forms the basis of constitutional law} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Constitutional Law determines the *nature of state, it constituent} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Divides state authority into three branches} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(1) {\bf{*the legislature-}} which  promulgates legislation} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(2) {\bf{{\emph{the judiciary-}}}} which interprets and applies legal rules (the courts)} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{(3) {\bf{{\emph{the executive-}}}} handles government affairs, administers the state and executes court orders (the president together with Cabinent.} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Bill of Rights - Chapter 2}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{ADMINISTRATIVE LAW}}} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Controls the administration of the state in general.} \tn 
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% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the way in which the state is to exercise its executive powers through different bodies such as ministers, state departments and numerous boards.} \tn 
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% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{When these state functionaries make administrative decisions, they are supposed to do so on the basis of certain powers given to them by the Constitution or legislation./To ensure that the government acts in accordance with the law.} \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Aims to prevent these bodies from exercising their powers in such a way that it prejudices individuals.} \tn 
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% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S33 of the Constitution}}}}} \tn 
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PUBLIC LAW (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- stipulates that everyone has the right to just administrative action that must be lawful, reasonable and fair. If an administrative decision has been taken against someone and it has an adverse effect on them, they are allow to request written reasons for that decision.} \tn 
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% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{-The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (PAJA)}} is a statute passed by Parliament to give effect to the {\emph{section 33 right}}*} \tn 
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% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-According to PAJA, administrative decisions may be reviewed and invalidated by a court for a number of reasons including unlawfulness, procedural fairness and unreasonableness.} \tn 
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% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{e.g. legislation that stipulates that government officials must together take a decision and only one official made the decision, the administrative act can be overturned because it was unlawfully made.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CRIMINAL LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines which acts amount to criminal offences, and it also dictates that criminal offences must be punished.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Criminal offence-}} act against the law - state prosecutes and punishes subjects who have committed criminal offences} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The manner in which prosecution takes place and punishment is imposed is determined by the law of criminal procedure.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PRIVATE LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LAW OF PERSONS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Regulates the relationships between persons.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Persons are {\emph{subjects of private law}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines what a 'person' is in the legal sense} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Humans and entities (companies)} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines the juridical status of persons, nature of a person's position in the law} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{e.g. children cannot conclude contracts or marry but can inherit.} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{FAMILY LAW}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Regulates family relationships.} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Relates to matters such as *engagement, marriage, civil unions, marital property, divorce, and child-parent relationships.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF PATRIMONY}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Part of {\bf{Private Law}} that regulates the relationship between persons with respect to their {\emph{means.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Means}} indicates the sum total of a person's assets and liabilities} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- person's estate.} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LAW OF PROPERTY}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Deals with the relationships between persons with respect to things} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines which rights persons can have with respect to moveable and immoveable property.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It also regulates the origin, termination and protection of such rights.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The best known example of such a right is ownership.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The right to property is not only a private law right but is also protected by the {\bf{Constitution in {\emph{S25}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LAW OF SUCCESSION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Determines what happens to an estate after a person's death} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{In a will, one can stipulate who is to inherit their estate (testate succession). In the absence of a will, the law of instestate succession prescribes who will inherit the estate.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LAW OF OBLIGATIONS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Regulates the relationship between persons where one person (the creditor) has a right against another for performance, and the latter person (the debtor) has a corresponding duty to perform} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF PATRIMONY (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{This type of relationship is called an {\bf{{\emph{obligation}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{It is mainly contracts and delicts that create such obligations.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{CONTRACT/DELICT}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Contract}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- an agreement between two persons in terms of which a right and a corresponding duty to perform come into existence} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the law of contract prescribes the requirements for the conclusion of contracts, and regulates the rights and duties created by a contract, as well as the {\emph{termination of a contract}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Delict}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- a wrongful and {\bf{culpable}} act which causes damage to another. The persons who suffers the damage can claim damages from the person who caused it.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{-Patrimonial loss:}} damage to property} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{-Non-Patrimonial loss:}} negligent medial practice, defamation, unlawful detainment by police that causes infringement of bodily integrity.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A delict thus creates an obligation {\emph{(the payment of damages)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Law of Delict determines what a delict is and regulates the rights and duties which arise from it.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Difference between criminal offence and delict}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{*criminal offence:}} purpose is to punish the offender (public law)} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{delict:}} compensate the person who suffered the damage (private law)} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAW OF PATRIMONY (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{NB:}} a criminal offence that causes damage to another (assault, theft) also constitute a delict.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LAW OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Governs the relationship between persons with respect to intellectual property (immaterial or industrial property).} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Intellectual property denotes the creations of the human intellect or ingenuity.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{eg,}}}} inventions, the content of literary works, and musical compositions.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Rights with respect to intellectual property include copyright and rights to patents.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Intellectual property as subject that falls within the domain of property law broadly understood. Intellectual property rights are protected through {\bf{s25}} of the Constitution.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMERCIAL LAW}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Commercial law embraces numerous branches of law important for {\emph{commerce or trade and industry}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Mixture of public and private law.}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Specialised {\bf{{\emph{private law.}}}} {\emph{e.g Law of insurance}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Sometimes exclusively regulated by the state in the form of legislation, and entails a {\bf{state-citizen relationship.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{eg., tax law, company law, law of insolvency, labour law, banking law.}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{BANKING AND FINANCE LAW}} regulates the powers and functions of banks and financial service providers by means of many different statutes, including the {\bf{Banks Act, the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act and the National Credit Act.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{COMPANY LAW-}} in 2008, South Africa adopted the new Companies Act, which forms the backbone of South African {\emph{company law}} dealing typically with issues such as the registration, incorporation and management of companies.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{THE LAW OF INSOLVENCY}} is concerned with insolvent estates, bankruptcy business rescue, the winding up and liquidation of companies and debt counselling based on, among other sources, {\bf{the Insolvency Act.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{LABOUR LAW}} comprises a wide array of legal sources regulating the relationship between employers and employees, the conditions of employment that must be adhered to by all employers, as well as the law relating to the recognition of trade unions and their representation of workers.} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMERCIAL LAW (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{TAXATION LAW}} deals with all matters related to the payment and collection of taxes and the relationship between tax payers and the {\emph{South African Revenue Service (SARS)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{INSURANCE LAW}} has to do with, among others, the regulation of the South African insurance industry as well as the requirements for insurance contracts and the rights and duties arising from these contracts.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}