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\author{Gomolemo Ralepeli}
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  /Title (employment-relations-south-africa.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Gomolemo Ralepeli)
  /Subject (Employment Relations (South Africa) Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Employment Relations (South Africa) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Gomolemo Ralepeli} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/163284/cs/35001/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Gomolemo Ralepeli \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/gomolemo-ralepeli} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 1st December, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamentals of Employment Relations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{PERSPECTIVES ON EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Pluralism}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Sees the organization as an alliance of diverse people with diverse objectives, interests and values.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Accepts trade unions as a part of the labour scene \& work with management \& employees to resolve/limit disputes.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Disputes are dealt with through collective bargaining} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Acknowledges that conflict puts organization in a permanent state of dynamic tension.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Unitarism}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Views organization as an integrated group of people with connected values interests and purpose.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- loyal employee structure - unrealistic because employees can't be completely loyal} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- discourages trade union participation} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- encourages unity and harmony in the workplace.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Radical (Marxist)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Assumes that workers are exploited for the sake of capitalism and therefore emphasis is placed on class struggle.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Conflict is always rooted at a macro level and is sociopolitical \& economic} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Trade unions are viewed as an unavoidable response to capitalism, which enhances the industrial power of the working class \& form part of a political process to change the nature of the socioeconomic and political systems of society.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CORPORATISM \& CONCERTATION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Societal Corporatism}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Is known as an extension of pluralism \& referred to as tripartite coordination \& cooperation.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Industry role-players contribute their knowledge to government for development} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Interdependence between all three parties of the Tripartite relationship is acknowledged.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{State Corporatism}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- State imposes its will on labour movement} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Closer to unitarist approach than pluralist} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- NEDLAC (National Economic Development \& Labour Council)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Conflict between business and labour is seen as undesirable \& the legitimacy of trade unions are questioned.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Participants in the Tripartite Relationship}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Employers}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Representation of employers, also represented by employer organizatons} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- must see that things are done in the right way to realize objectives of the organization} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Employees}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- workers sell/hire out their labour potential to the employing party to perform specific tasks} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- represented by employee organizations (trade unions) which may be members of umbrella trade union federations such as NACTU \& COSATU} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{The State}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Government plays role of both {\emph{master}} \& {\emph{servant}} of the two primary participants (employers and employees)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{MASTER}} - makes laws to ensure that Employment relations is practiced in a way that does not disrupt general order of society. Plays a role through enforcement, includes Department of Labour, the CCMA \& the Labour Court} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{SERVANT}} - helps both primary parties conduct their relationship in an orderly manner.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{While these are the most actively and directly involved in the employment relations system, the Tripartite Relationship has been criticized for being too narrow.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Additional Participants - Pentagonal Relationship}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Competitors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Organizations must take note of what their competitors are doing so that they adapt and innovate to survive. Competitors constantly observe and compare each other} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Whilst the Pentagonal approach opened up room to include role-players, it did not take into consideration that there are more participants that influence the employment relations system}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Multipartite Perspective}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-  seen as the best as it acknowledges the interdependent relationships that organisations have with employees, suppliers, regulators, customers and the communities they operate in.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-  recognizes that the State is a major employer in South Africa and that unemployed people and those are part of the informal sector play a significant role in employment relations.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- gives a more realistic and holistic view of employment relations in South Africa whilst acknowledging every single stakeholder, regardless of how small their role or contributions may be.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- also recognizes the complexities in the meanings of Employers, Employees, the State, Competitors and Customers far more than the Tripartite system ever could.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Employer Organizations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Definition}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A formal, voluntary grouping of employers set up to advise, defend or represent the interest of affiliates, not only in their dealings with organized labour but also to lobby \& influence the State or other relevant organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Objectives}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{All activities in relation to relationship with employee trade union, such as settlement of disputes \& promotion of legislative measures.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sectoral Employer's Organizations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- can operate nationally, depending on the type of industry} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- may form part of Bargaining Councils through which {\emph{collective agreements}} are published through Government Gazette \& then become delegated legislation} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- employer is bound by terms, conditions or collective agreements which have been entered into upon joining employer organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BUSA - Business Unity of South Africa}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Created 11 October 2003 \& replaced Business South Africa (BSA) \& Black Business Council (BBC)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Represents business in all sectors of economic activity in South Africa} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Current membership: 49 business associations \& employer organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Objectives}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Achieving a deracialized, vibrant, diverse \& globally competitive economy} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. Boosting enterprise development \& facilitating the transition of informal businesses into the formal economy} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. Creating a predictable, certain \& enabling regulatory environment} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4. Ensuring affordable, reliable \& sustainable energy \& infrastructure to meet current and future needs} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. Contributing to a productive and stable labour structure} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6. Supporting a progressive tax system that supports inclusive growth objectives} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7. Committing to trade policies that supports South Africa's developmental goals \& promote inclusive growth} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{8. Partnering with government to improve education \& skills development for current \& future work} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{9. Contributing to the creation of a comprehensive social security system at a pace that is affordable, sustainable \& fiscally responsible} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{10. Cooperating with national business organizations \& regional \& international business groupings to advocate for regional \& economic integration \& improved local policies and conditions for businesses} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Employee Parties}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Definition of Employee (according to Section 213 of LRA)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{a) any person, excluding an Independent Contractor, who works for another person or the State and who receives or is entitled to receive any remuneration} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{b) any person who in any manner assists in carrying out or conducting the business of an employer} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN EMPLOYEES \& INDEPENDANT CONTRACTORS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Employees}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Object is the rendering of personal work-related services between employee party \& employer party} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The employee must render the work-related service at the behest of the employer party} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The employer party may decide whether to have the particular employee render the work-related services} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The employee is obliged to obey lawful, reasonable instructions regarding the work to be done and the manner in which it is so done} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Relationship terminates on completion of the agreed period and by death of employee} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Independent Contractors}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Object is the provision of a specified work-related service or a certain specified work-related result or outcome} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The independent contractor is not obliged to perform the work related to the service or result/outcome personally, unless otherwise agreed} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Employee Parties (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The independent contractor is not obliged to obey any instructions in terms of how the work is to be done or the result that is to be attained} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Bound to perform specified work or deliver specified results within a specified or reasonable time} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Relationship not terminated by death of contractor but is terminated on completion of specified work/delivery/attainment of specified outcome/result} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trade Unions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Definition}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A trade union is regarded as a continuing permanent organisation created by workers to protect themselves at their work, to improve the conditions of their work through collective bargaining, to seek to better the conditions of their lives, and to provide a means of expression for the workers' view on matters of society.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Trade Unions are founded on the sociocultural value of collectivism, often referred to as solidarity.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Trends that impact on the Trade Union Movement Internationally}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Increased pace \& magnitude of globalisation} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Growth in forms \& use of more insecure types of employment} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Growth of small businesses rather than larger organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Technological change presenting challenges \& opportunities} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Change in skills composition of the workforce, partly related to sectoral shifts in economies} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Changes in demographics of workforces} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Lack of employment in the formal, with growth in informal sector work \& employment} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Types of Trade Unions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Occupational Unions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{organize and recruit their members from employees in certain occupations - in accordance with their skills} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trade Unions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{Examples: craft unions, promotion unions, blue-collar workers unions, white-collar workers unions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Registered Examples:}} Electronic, Allied \& Metal Workers Union of South Africa, Meat \& Allied Workers Unions, Professional Educators Union, National Professional Teachers' Association of South Africa} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Industrial Unions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Specific industries or groups of industries, and members typically work in that industry, irrespective of trade or profession} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Examples:}} miners (NUM, AMCU); steelworkers (the National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa); autoworkers (South African Transport \& Allied Workers' Union)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{General Unions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Do not restrict membership in terms of skills or industry, rather they function on the principle communality of workers' interests. Working class vs. owner's class} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Examples:}} National General Worker's Union} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Methods Trade Unions use}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Industrial action, collective bargaining, service \& benefit schemes and national \& international cooperation, affiliation and representation} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Shop Steward}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Trade Union representatives put in the workplace to represent workers and their interests. They are regulated by the {\bf{LRA}} and trade unions stipulate their roles and responsibilities.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Stipulations for Shop Stewards}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. May at times be responsible to the executive committee for their actions \& shall always conduct themselves in a manner worthy of a union representative.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2. Promote their best possible relationship \& good cooperation between members in their sections \& sectional heads} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3. Confine themselves to the affairs of their section \& should not discuss matters concerning policy or principles of the union with management or any of its representatives. They should familiarize themselves with the principles \& policy of their union to properly inform their members} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4. {\emph{Grievances, complaints \& suggestions}} for improving working conditions in their sections should be reported to the shop stewards by branch committee/ordinary members. Shop stewards examine these complaints to establish whether they're well-founded. These should be reported to sectional heads if there are grounds for dissatisfaction so that a solution can be found.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. Shop stewards \& sectional heads should give immediate notice for their intention to call in the assistance of the trade union should they not be able to arrive at a mutually beneficial solution. They must present all proposals for improved working conditions which they received from section members.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Shop Steward (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6. Shop stewards are highly sensitive to the branch committee \& the local officer} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{7. Must attend all branch committee meetings of their branch so that they can reply directly to any questions which may be raised in connection with the handling of any matter entrusted with them.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{8. Present {\emph{reports (written)}} every month to their branch committee on all matters entrusted to \& dealt with by them} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Trade Union Federations}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU)}} - 21 Affiliates} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Core Principles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- international worker solidarity} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- worker control} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- paid-up membership} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- "one industry, one union"} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Involved in number of ventures aimed at promoting black business \& supporting the federation finanacially} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Federations of Unions of South Africa (FEDUSA)}} - 20 Affiliates} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Core Principles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- equal opportunity \& treatment for all men and women} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Freedom of Association \& the right to organize} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- trade union democracy} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- development for all} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Believes their relationship with the {\emph{International Labour Organization (ILO)}} is important} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{National Council of Trade Unions (NACTU)}} - 22 Affiliates} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Core Principles}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- non-racialism} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- worker control at all levels \& structures of the unions} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- leadership by working class} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Has become involved in investment ventures with the aim of empowering the masses economically by increasing African control over investment decisions} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{All 3 trade unions have representation on the National Economic Development \& Labour Council (NEDLAC)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Contract of Employment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Requirements for a Valid Employment Contract}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The parties must have contractual capacity} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Performance of the contract must be possible} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The contract may not be {\emph{contra bonos mores}} (against public moral values)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The contract must comply with any formalities that may be prescribed} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- The parties must reach consensus on the essential terms of the engagement} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{How to Prove an Employment Relationship}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the manner in which the presumed employee works is subject to the control/direction of the presumed employer} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person's hours of work are subject to the control or direction of another person} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person works for the organization \& forms part of that organization} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person has worked for the other person for an average of at least 40 hours per month over a period of 3 months} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person is economically dependent upon the person for whom he/she works or renders a service} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person is provided with tools \& equipment by the other person} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the person works/renders a service to only one person} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Section 23 of the Constitution deals with labour relations}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1) Everyone has the right to fair labour practice} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2) Every {\bf{worker}} has the right to form \& join a trade union, to participate in the activities \& programmes of a trade union and to strike} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3) Every {\bf{employer}} has the right to form \& join employer organizations and to participate in the activities \& programmes of an employers' organization} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4) Every {\bf{trade union}} \& every employers' organization has the right to determine its own administration, programmes \& activities, to organize and form \& join federations} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5) Every {\bf{trade union, employer's organization and employer}} has the right to engage in collective bargaining, National Legislation may be enacted to regulate collective bargaining. To the extent that legislation may limit a right in this chapter, the limitation must comply with {\emph{Section 36(1)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{6) National Legislation may recognize union security arrangements contained in collective agreements. To the extent that the legislation may limit a right in this Chapter, the limitation must comply with {\emph{Section 36(1)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION \& GENERAL PROTECTION}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Protection of Employees \& Persons seeking Employment - Section 4 of LRA}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{No person may discriminate against an employee by any of the following actions:} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1) Force an employee or a person seeking employment not to be or to become a member of a trade union/workplace forum or give up their membership of a trade union/workplace forum} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2) Prevent an employee or a person seeking employment from exercising any right conferred by the Act or from participating in any proceedings in terms of its provisions} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3) Prejudice an employee or a person seeking employee for} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- membership of a trade union/workplace forum} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- participating in forming a trade union or federation of trade unions/workplace forums} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- participating in the lawful activities of a trade union, federation of trade unions/workplace forums} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- refusal or failure to do something that an employer may not lawfully permit or require an employee to do} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having {\emph{disclosed, disclosing or wanting to disclose}} information that the employee lawfully entitled or required to give to another person} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- exercising any right conferred by the {\bf{LRA}} \& participating in any proceedings in terms of this act.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{4) Give advantage or promise to give advantage to an employee or a person seeking employment for not participating in any proceedings in terms of and exercising any right conferred by the {\bf{LRA}}. However, nothing precludes the parties to a dispute from concluding an agreement to settle that dispute} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Protection of Employer's Rights - Section 7 of LRA}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{No person may do or threaten to do any of the following} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1) Discriminate against an employer for exercising any right conferred by the LRA} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2) Force an employer to be or to become a member of an employer organization or to give up membership of an employer's organization} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3) Prejudice an employer for} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having been, being or wanting to be a member of an employers' organization} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having taken part, taking part or wanting to take part in forming an employer's organization or a federation of employers' organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having engaged, engaging or wanting to engage in the lawful activities of an employers' organization or a federation of employers' organizations} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having disclosed, disclosing or wanting to disclose information that the employer is lawfully entitled or required to give to another person} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having exercised, exercising or wanting to exercise any right conferred by the Act} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- having taken part, taking part or wanting to take part in any proceedings in terms of the LRA} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- give advantage or promise to give advantage to an employer for not exercising any right} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}