\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Ghostcognito} \pdfinfo{ /Title (linux-every-day-commands.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Ghostcognito) /Subject (Linux Every Day Commands Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{8C0000} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FBF7F7} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Linux Every Day Commands Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Ghostcognito} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/173739/cs/36521/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Ghostcognito \\ \uline{cheatography.com/ghostcognito} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 26th February, 2023.\\ Updated 26th February, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.44 cm} x{6.56 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Useful Commands}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `sudo` & Run the given command as the root user \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `ls` & List the contents of a directory \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cd` & Change directory \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `cat` & Concatenate files together and print them to screen (`stdout`), if only one file is given just print the file to the screen \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`touch`} & Create a file \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `w` & Print what other users are running \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `man` & Manual page viewer \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{`apropos`} & Manual page searcher \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`history`} & Print the command history to the terminal \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} `echo` & Print to the terminal \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `env` & Print the current environment variables \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{`whoami`} & Display the user running the commands \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`lastlog`} & Shows the last time any user on the system has logged in \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} `df` & Shows the size of all the filesystems \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bang (!) commands}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `!!` & Run the previous command. `sudo !!` is very helpful \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `!:0` & The first word of the last command \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `!\$` & The last word of the previous command. Example, `mkdir /tmp/foo`, then run `cd !\$` to change directory to the one you've just created \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `!foo` & Run the previous command starting with foo \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `!foo:p` & Print the previous command starting with foo \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `!!:s/foo/bar` & Substitute foo with bar within the previous command \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `\textasciicircum{}foo\textasciicircum{}bar` & Same as above, runs the previous command replacing foo with bar \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} `!comm:s/foo/bar` & This will search for commands starting with comm, replace foo with bar and execute the command. Can be appended with `:p` to print out the command before running \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 6) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `!n` & Will run command n in the history, replace with whatever number you want from the output of the history command. `!1` will run the first command. `!-1` will run the previous command, same as `!!` \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 7) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bang (!) commands (cont)}} \tn % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `\$\_` & Variable for the last argument in the previous command. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} `\$()` & Will run whatever is in the `()` as a subshell and return the result before running the rest of the command \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Hint in some shells you can hit space after the bang command and the command in full will populate} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.36 cm} x{6.64 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Remote Network Connections}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `ssh` & Use the Secure Shell application to log into a given remote host \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `ftp` & Use the File Transfer Protocol to download/upload a file to a given host \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`telnet`} & Interact with network sockets \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{1.04 cm} x{6.96 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Web Builtins}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`curl`} & Interact with files / webpages / API endpoints \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{`wget`} & Download files over the network \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{1.04 cm} x{6.96 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Processes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `top` & Output top running processes \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{`kill`} & Send signals to the given process or stop a process \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Keyboard Shortcuts}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `{[}up arrow{]}` & Move up in the command history \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `{[}down arrow{]}` & Move down in the command history \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `{[}left arrow{]}` & Move the cursor left \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `{[}right arrow{]}` & Move the cursor right \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `{[}TAB{]}` & Autocompletion \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `{[}SPACE{]}cmd` & In some shells will not save the command to the history file \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `Ctrl+a` & Move the cursor to the front of a command \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} `Ctrl+e` & Move to the cursor to the end of the command \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `Ctrl+r` & Reverse search history \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} `Ctrl+c` & Terminate the current running command or clear the terminal of the command about to run \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`Ctrl+Shift+c`} & Copy the selected text out of the terminal window \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{`Ctrl+Shift+v`} & Paste into the terminal window \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `Ctrl+q` & Send the current command to the queue for one command before it re-populates the terminal \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} `Ctrl+l` & Clear the terminal \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.48 cm} x{5.52 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shell Redirection Operators}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cmd \textgreater{} file` & Send the output of the command to a file \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `cmd \textgreater{}\textgreater{} file` & Append the output of the command to a file \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cmd 2\textgreater{} file` & Send Standard Error (`stderr`) to a file \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `cmd 2\textgreater{} /dev/null` & Send `stderr` to null. In essence throw away all outputted errors \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cmd1 | cmd2` & Send the output of `cmd1` to `cmd2` \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `cmd1 ; cmd2` & Run `cmd1` then `cmd2` \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cmd1 \&\& cmd2` & Run `cmd2` if `cmd1` is successful \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} `cmd1 || cmd2` & Run `cmd2` if `cmd1` is not successful \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.6 cm} x{6.4 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Networking}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{`ifconfig`} & Lists the current networking interfaces and information about them like the assigned IP addresses \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `ip a` & Like ifconfig, lists the current interfaces and associated IP addresses \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `ss` & Lists active networking sockets \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `nc` & Opens a network socket \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Text}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `wc` & Text count \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `grep` & Text searcher \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `nano` & Text editor \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `vim` & Text editor \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `emacs` & Text editor \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `less` & Text viewer \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `more` & Text viewer \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} `awk` & Text manipulator \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `sed` & Text manipulator \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} `head` & Text reader \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `tail` & Text reader \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Jobs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `cmd \&` & Run the command in the background as a job \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} `jobs` & List all running jobs \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `Ctrl+z` & Send the current running process to the background and suspend it \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} `bg \%n` & Background job ID n \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `fg \%n` & Foreground job ID n \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} `kill \%n` & Kill job ID n \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} `kill -SIGNAL \%n` & Send a given SIGNAL to job ID n \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} `diswon \%n` & Disown the job ID n so it will run even if the terminal exits \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}