\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{gbertonemh} \pdfinfo{ /Title (python-para-alumnos.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (gbertonemh) /Subject (PYTHON PARA ALUMNOS Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{14A343} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F9F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{PYTHON PARA ALUMNOS Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{gbertonemh} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/197741/cs/41737/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}gbertonemh \\ \uline{cheatography.com/gbertonemh} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 6th October, 2024.\\ Updated 6th October, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ACLARACIÓN}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{IMPORTANTE}}: {\bf{x, y}} representan cualquier tipo de valores de datos, {\bf{s}} para una cadena de texto, {\bf{n}} para un número, {\bf{L}} para una lista donde {\bf{i, j}} son índices de lista, {\bf{D}} representa un diccionario y {\bf{k}} es una clave de diccionario.% Row Count 6 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TIPOS DE DATOS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{integer}} = 1 / -5 / 10 / -500 / 9500 / 0} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{boolean}} = True / False} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{float}} = 10.01 / -5.2 / 100.63} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{string}} = 'Juan' / 'Pedro' / 'Monte Hermoso' / 'Lupa'} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{list}} = {[}valor1, valor2, valor3, ....., valor {\emph{n}}{]}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{dictionary}} = \{key1: value1, key2: value2, key3: value3, ....., key {\emph{n}}: value {\emph{n}}\}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.224 cm} x{2.448 cm} p{0.936 cm} x{2.592 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPERADORES NUMÉRICOS y de COMPARACIÓN}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{+}} & Suma & {\bf{==}} & Igual a \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{-}} & Resta & {\bf{!=}} & Distinto de \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{ * }} & \seqsplit{Multiplicación} & {\bf{\textgreater{}}} & Mayor que \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{ }} ** & Potencia & {\bf{\textless{}}} & Menor que \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{\%}} & Módulo & {\bf{\textgreater{}=}} & Mayor o igual que \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{//}} & División Entera & {\bf{\textless{}=}} & Menor o igual que \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.72 cm} x{1.584 cm} x{1.584 cm} x{3.312 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPERADORES BOOLEANOS y ESPECIALES}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{and}} & \seqsplit{Operador} lógico Y & {\bf{\#}} & Comentario \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{or}} & \seqsplit{Operador} lógico O & {\bf{\textbackslash{}n}} & Representa un salto de línea \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{not}} & \seqsplit{Operador} lógico NO & {\bf{\textbackslash{}t}} & Representa un tabulador \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & & {\bf{ \textbackslash{}\textbackslash{} }} & Representa una barra invertida \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & & {\bf{ \textbackslash{}' }} o {\bf{ \textbackslash{}" }} & Representa comillas simples o dobles e una cadena de texto \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPERACIONES CON STRING (CADENAS DE TEXTO)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{string{[}i{]}}} & Obtiene el carácter en la posición {\emph{i}}. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{string{[}-1{]}}} & Obtiene el último carácter de la cadena. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{string{[}i:j{]}}} & Obtiene los caracteres desde la posición {\emph{i}} hasta la posición {\emph{j}}. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MÉTODOS PARA STRING (CADENA DE TEXTO)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{string.upper()}} & Convierte toda la cadena a mayúsculas. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{string.lower()}} & Convierte toda la cadena a minúsculas. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{string.count(x)}} & Devuelve cuantas veces aparece {\emph{x}} en la cadena. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{string.find(x)}} & Devuelve la posición de la primera aparición de {\emph{x}} en la cadena. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{srtring.replace(x, y)}} & Reemplaza {\emph{x}} por {\emph{y}} en toda la cadena. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{string.strip(x)}} & Divide la cadena usando el valor {\emph{x}}. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BUCLES (CICLOS)}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{while}} \textless{}condición\textgreater{}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{for}} \textless{}variabIe\textgreater{} in \textless{}lista\textgreater{}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{for}} \textless{}variabIe\textgreater{} in range(inicio, fin, paso): \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{for}} key, value in dict.items() : \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DECLARACIONES DE CONTROL DE BUCLES (CICLOS)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{break}} & Finaliza la ejecución del bucle. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{continue}} & Salta a la próxima iteración. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{pass}} & Continua sin ejecutar código. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{FUNCIONES}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{def}} \textless{}función\textgreater{} (parámetros): \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{return}} \textless{}valor\textgreater{}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.32 cm} x{5.68 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OPERACIONES CON LISTAS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list = {[}{]}}} & Define una lista vacía \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list {[}i{]} = x}} & Guarda el valor {\emph{x}} en el índice {\emph{i}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list {[}i{]}}} & Devuelve el valor en el índice {\emph{i}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list {[}-1{]}}} & Devuelve el valor del último índice de la lista \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list {[}i:j{]}}} & Devuelve los valores en el rango de índices de {\emph{i}} hasta {\emph{j}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{del list {[}i{]}}} & Elimina el valor con el índice {\emph{i}}. Ordena nuevamente los índices \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MÉTODOS DE LISTAS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.append(x)}} & Añade el valor {\emph{x}} al final de la lista. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list.extend(L)}} & Añade la lista {\emph{L}} al final de la lista. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.insert(i, x)}} & Añade el valor {\emph{x}} en el índice {\emph{i}}. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list.remove(x)}} & Elimina el primer elemento de la lista cuyo valor es {\emph{x}}. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.pop(i)}} & Elimina el elemento en la posición {\emph{i}} y devuelve su valor. \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list.clear()}} & Elimina todos los valores de la lista. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.index(x)}} & Devuelve el índice del valor {\emph{x}} en la lista. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list.count(x)}} & Devuelve la cantidad de veces que aparece {\emph{x}} en la lista. \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.sort()}} & Ordena la lista en forma {\emph{ascendente}}. \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{list.reverse()}} & Ordena la lista en forma {\emph{descendente}}. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list.copy()}} & Devuelve una copia de la lista. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.72 cm} x{5.28 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{FUNCIONES INCORPORADAS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{print(x, sep='y')}} & Imprime {\emph{x}} objetos separados por {\emph{y}}. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{input(s)}} & Imprime {\emph{s}} y espera a que se introduzca un valor que será devuelto. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{len(x)}} & Devuelve la longitud de {\emph{x}} (s, L o D). \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{min(L)}} & Devuelve el menor valor en {\emph{L}}. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{max(L)}} & Devuelve el mayor valor en {\emph{L}}. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{sum(L)}} & Devuelve la suma de todos los valores en {\emph{L}}. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{range(n1, n2, n)}} & Devuelve la secuencia de valores entre {\emph{n1}} y {\emph{n2}} con saltos de {\emph{n}}. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{abs(n)}} & Devuelve el valor absoluto de {\emph{n}}. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{round(n1, n)}} & Devuelve el valor {\emph{n1}} redondeado a {\emph{n}} dígitos. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{type(x)}} & Devuelve el tipo de valor de {\emph{x}} (string, float, int, list, etc.) \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{str(x)}} & Convierte {\emph{x}} en una cadena de texto. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{int(x)}} & Convierte {\emph{x}} a entero. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{list(x)}} & Convierte {\emph{x}} en una lista. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{float(x)}} & Convierte {\emph{x}} a float (decimal). \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CONDICIONALES}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{if}} \textless{}condición\textgreater{} : \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{else if}} \textless{}condición\textgreater{} : \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline ...... \newline {\bf{else}}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{Otra Opción:}} \newline \newline {\bf{if}} \textless{}valor\textgreater{} in \textless{}lista\textgreater{}:} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VALIDACIÓN DE DATOS}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{try}}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{except}} \textless{}error\textgreater{}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{} \newline \newline {\bf{else}}: \newline \textless{}código\textgreater{}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}