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% Document Info
\author{India Tillson (fungiboi)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (psychology-exam-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (India Tillson (fungiboi))
  /Subject (Psychology Exam 1 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psychology Exam 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{India Tillson (fungiboi)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/138299/cs/29108/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}India Tillson (fungiboi) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/fungiboi} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 14th September, 2021.\\
   Updated 14th September, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Who Commits Crime?}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Chronic offenders commit majority of crime} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Minority groups overrepresented} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ages 20-30} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Males} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Crime Data}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Victim of crime surveys} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Police records} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Court statistics} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Prison statistics} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Offender surveys} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.432 cm} x{2.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Criminological Theories of Crime}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Strain Theory}} & {\bf{Labelling Theory}} & {\bf{Subcultural Theory}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Feelings of social isolation ("anomie") & Stigma associated with negative label & Lower class communities have more criminally inclined values \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.872 cm} x{1.872 cm} x{1.656 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Psychological Theories of Crime}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Psychodynamic Theory}} & {\bf{Control Theory}} & {\bf{Social Control Theory}} & {\bf{Differential \seqsplit{Association} Theory}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Criminal behavior is \seqsplit{socialised} out during \seqsplit{upbringing} & Poor parenting causes people to have low \seqsplit{self-control} & Strength of positive \seqsplit{attachments} to beliefs and \seqsplit{relationships} & Pro criminal vs Pro social learning \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Problems during \seqsplit{development} can lead to criminal behavior & Combined with negative emotional \seqsplit{temperament} & \seqsplit{Attachment}, \seqsplit{Commitment}, \seqsplit{Involvement}, and Belief & Learned in peer groups \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
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% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Combination of:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Criminal history} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Substance abuse} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PTSD}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Categories of Symptoms:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Intrusion} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Changes in mood and cognition} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Outcomes of Trauma}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{cPTSD}} & {\bf{BPD}} & {\bf{Dissociation}} & {\bf{Psychosis}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Severe and long-term \seqsplit{interpersonal} trauma & Begins in early adulthood & Feeling of people and objects being unreal \seqsplit{(derealisation)} & Link between trauma from early childhood and psychosis \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Difficulty} with emotional \seqsplit{regulation}, attention, \seqsplit{attachment}, \seqsplit{self-perception} & \seqsplit{Difficulty} with \seqsplit{self-concept}, \seqsplit{relationships}, self-harm behaviors, emotional \seqsplit{regulation} & Feeling of seeing yourself from outside of your body \seqsplit{(depersonalization)} & \seqsplit{Hallucinations} and paranoia \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trauma Spectrum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Impersonal Trauma}} & {\bf{Personal Trauma}} & {\bf{Attachment Trauma}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Situational & \seqsplit{Intentional} & Relational \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Natural disaster, serious illness & Assault, \seqsplit{harassment} & Abuse, neglect \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.6 cm} x{6.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trauma-Informed Care}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{4 R's}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Realize & Trauma ≠ PTSD \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Recognize} & Trauma lens \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Respond & Strengths and evidence based approach \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Resist & Vicarious trauma and retraumatization \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Treatment for Trauma}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR)}} & Replaces negative emotions related to a traumatic event \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Trauma Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)}} & Child and parent therapy, teaches coping skills \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)}} & Designed for individuals who participate in self-harming behaviors \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)}} & Therapy based on mindfulness \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Mentalisation-based Therapy (MBT)}} & Uses mentalizing to improve sense of self \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Schema Therapy}} & Combines features of several psychotherapies \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cycle of Abuse}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/fungiboi_1631490656_Cycle_of_Abuse.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Barriers for Victims}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Re-traumatisation:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{can occur when reporting a crime by having to relive the trauma through questioning or during the trial} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{can occur during therapy, mediated by a strong sense of trust between the client and therapist and a trauma based approach} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Change blindness}} & {\bf{Selective attention}} & {\bf{Inattentional blindness}} & {\bf{Flashbulb memory}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Failure to notice change in visual field & Focus on specific stimuli while ignoring other \seqsplit{information} & Failure to notice an \seqsplit{unexpected} stimuli & Detailed and vivid, but often not accurate, memory of an emotional event \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.66 cm} x{2.28 cm} x{2.66 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Accuracy of Line-Ups}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Double blind}} & {\bf{Foils}} & {\bf{Unconscious transference}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Neither eyewitness nor lineup administrator know who the suspect is & Other potential suspects in lineup & \seqsplit{Misidentification} of an innocent person \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{False Confessions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Voluntary}} & {\bf{Compliant}} & {\bf{Internalised}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
To gain fame or notoriety or to protect other people & To escape stressful \seqsplit{interrogation} & Individual is manipulated by police \seqsplit{interrogation} to believe they are guilty \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Individual does not understand what confessing will result in (underage) & Provide confession in exchange for leniency & Instill false memories in innocent person \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Polygraph}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Use}} & {\bf{Limitations}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Measures physiological changes in the body & physiological responses can be affected by other things \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain Fingerprinting}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Used to detect whether an individual has information related to a crime stored in their brain} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Above 90\% accuracy} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Not extensively tested in real-world scenarios} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.944 cm} x{1.944 cm} x{1.944 cm} x{1.368 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Police Interview Styles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Reid Model}} & {\bf{PEACE}} & {\bf{Mr. Big}} & {\bf{TEDS}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Psychological} \seqsplit{manipulation}, \seqsplit{fabricated} evidence, \seqsplit{aggression} & Build trust between \seqsplit{interviewer} and \seqsplit{interviewee} & Officers go \seqsplit{undercover} to secretly obtain \seqsplit{confessions} & Tell, \seqsplit{Explain}, \seqsplit{Describe}, Show \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Courtroom Decision Making}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Cognitive Experimental Self Theory}} & {\bf{Dangerous Decision Theory}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Jurors take into account factors that do not relate to the crime, such as attractiveness and race, when determining innocence or guilt & 1. Judge makes decision on the credibility of a witness \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Example: attractive defendants are treated more leniently & 2. Any evidence presented that supports the initial assessment is overvalued, any contradictory evidence is undervalued \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Example: black defendants receive harsher sentences & 3. Initial assessment continues to be believed \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Profiling}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Top-Down}} & {\bf{Bottom-Up}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Developed from patterns seen in the motives, personality, behaviors, and crimes of 36 serial killers interviewed by FBI & Uses quantitative data to identify patterns in the behavior of an offender \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organised offender & Geographic profiling \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Disorganised offender & Difficult to quantitatively organise aspects of crime \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Does not use empirical evidence & Consistency of offenders is largely unknown \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.08 cm} x{3.92 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Offender Risk Assessment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Dynamic risk factors}} & {\bf{Static risk factors}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Can be changed & Cannot be changed \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Criminal history & Age \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Substance abuse & History of abuse \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Antisocial personality & Age of first offense \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Procriminal peer group & Assigned Sex \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Assessment for Male Sexual Offenders}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/fungiboi_1631594331_large.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interviewing Children}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Accurate}} & {\bf{Inaccurate}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Free recall & Leading questions \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cued invitations & Yes/No questions \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}