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% Document Info
\author{frenological}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (act-english-prep.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (frenological)
  /Subject (ACT English Prep Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{ACT English Prep Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{frenological} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/150441/cs/39139/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}frenological \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/frenological} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 7th June, 2023.\\
   Updated 7th June, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BASIC STRATEGIES}}  \tn
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{\bf{LESS IS MORE}} & {\bf{CROSS OUT THE CRAP}} & {\bf{READ VERTICALLY}} & {\bf{WHEN IN DOUBT}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Go with the shortest answer possible. Ignore this rule if the shortest answer makes no sense. & Whenever you are hunting down the subject, or whenever you think a grammar question is tricky, {\bf{CROSS OUT THE CRAP.}} & Use the answer choices to help you determine the skill being tested. & If there is a {\bf{NO CHANGE}} option, it is right 25\% of the time. \tn 
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The original (NO CHANGE) answer may already be the shortest. & Crap includes: \seqsplit{prepositional} phrases, \seqsplit{non-essential} phrases, and \seqsplit{descriptions} & More than one skill can be tested at a time. & If there is an "OMIT" option, that is right 50\% of the time. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{SENTENCES}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT}} & {\bf{COMPLETE SENTENCES}} & {\bf{TRANSITION WORDS}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Subjects agree with their verbs in number (singular or plural). & A complete sentence as three \seqsplit{requirements.} & Read the previous sentence. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: The friends are robbing banks. & A {\bf{subject}}: The {\emph{dog}} sought shelter from the storm. & Two agreeing sentences: {\bf{consequently, thus, therefore, because of, furthermore, in fact, indeed, moreover}} \tn 
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Subjects can be nouns or pronouns. & A {\bf{verb}}: Manny proudly {\emph{carried}} his bucket of lobsters. & EXAMPLE: He studies; {\bf{thus}}, he gets good grades. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: They are terrorizing the Midwest. & A {\bf{complete thought}}: Kyle seemed {\emph{lost in thought}}. & Two disagreeing sentences: {\bf{conversely, despite, ironically, however, still, though, yet, nonetheless, in spite of, nevertheless}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{SENTENCES}} (cont)}}  \tn
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Watch out for \seqsplit{prepositional} phrases! & A {\bf{complete thought}} is a collection of words that is fully \seqsplit{understandable}. & EXAMPLE: Sam interviewed for the job; {\bf{however}}, he did not get called back. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: The butterfly {\emph{with the bright colors}} is beautiful. & A {\bf{complete thought}} could also just be one subject and one verb, as long as it makes sense. & Other transitions: **in closing, generally, as, after, while, until, before \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{COMPOUND SENTENCE}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Two complete sentences joined together to create one sentence.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{COMMA+FANBOYS: {\bf{for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{EXAMPLE: Savannah likes soccer and tennis, but she loves pro-wrestling more.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{SEMICOLON: No comma or FANBOYS needed} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{EXAMPLE: Savannah likes soccer and tennis; she loves pro-wrestling more.} \tn 
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% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{COMPLEX SENTENCE}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{One incomplete sentence and one complete sentence joined together to create one sentence.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{COMMAS are only used if the incomplete sentence comes first.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{EXAMPLE: {\emph{Because Savannah loved pro-wrestling,}} she went to Buffalo Jim's Wrestling School.} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{PARALLEL STRUCTURE}}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{IF YOU START ONE WAY, YOU KEEP IT THAT WAY}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Verbs}}: He was {\bf{walking,}} {\bf{talking,}} and {\bf{smiling.}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Punctuation}}: He smiled -{}- roguishly, strangely -{}- at the woman in the coffee shop.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Voice}}: One will find that the library is a great place for one to study.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{MODIFIERS}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{MODIFIERS ARE \seqsplit{ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS/DESCRIPTIVE} PHRASES}} & {\bf{SUPERLATIVES}} \tn 
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EXAMPLE: {\bf{Elegantly dressed,}} the queen floated into the room. & Superlatives are just modifiers that distinguish differences between things or ideas. \tn 
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{\bf{A MODIFYING CLAUSE GOES NEXT TO WHAT IT MODIFIES}} & When comparing two things, use {\bf{-er/-ier, more, or less}}. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: {\bf{Driving home late after work,}} he proceeded cautiously. & When comparing three or more things, use {\bf{-est/iest, most, least.}} \tn 
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BAD EXAMPLE: {\bf{Racing through the red light,}} the police officer pulled Liam over. & EXAMPLE: I like chocolate ice cream {\bf{more}} than vanilla, but peanut butter chocolate ice cream is my {\bf{most}} favorite. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{COMMAS}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{SEPARATE ITEMS IN A LIST}} & {\bf{INTRODUCTORY PHRASES}} & {\bf{NON-ESSENTIAL PHRASES}} \tn 
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Millie remembered to bring her toothbrush, face wash, and sword. & Over the weekend, Millie slayed many a demon. & Millie, smart and brave, was soon praised by all in the town. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.56 cm} x{3.44 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{APOSTROPHES}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{CONTRACTIONS}} & {\bf{POSSESSION}} \tn 
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When checking whether a word is a contraction or not, try pulling it apart into two words. & If one owner: {\bf{'s}} \tn 
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EXAMPLES: {\bf{it's (it is), you've (you have), you're (you are), they've (they have), we've (we have), he's (he is), it's (it is), who's (who is)}} & If more than one owner: {\bf{s'}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{WEIRD POSSESSIONS: \newline its, whose, your, their, ours}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{SEMICOLONS, COLONS, AND LONG DASHES}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{SEMICOLONS}} & {\bf{COLONS}} & {\bf{LONG DASHES}} \tn 
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Semicolon = ; & Colon = : & Long Dash = -{}- \tn 
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They can only be used to CONNECT TWO COMPLETE SENTENCES. & A COMPLETE SENTENCE must come BEFORE the colon. & If using a single long dash, a COMPLETE SENTENCE must go BEFORE it. \tn 
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Often, they are used to connect transitions as well. & Colons are used to set off: lists, explanations, definitions, quotes, etc. & If you want to add some drama, you can replace two commas with two long dashes for effect. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: Mike was very worried about Will{\bf{; in fact,}} he couldn't even sleep because of it. & EXAMPLE: Papa could often be heard singing his favorite song{\bf{:}} "You are My Sunshine." & EXAMPLE: The Rainbow Room {\bf{-{}- deadly quiet, hauntingly still -{}-}} was not as empty as it seemed. \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{COMMONLY CONFUSED WORDS}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Then/Than}} & {\bf{Its/It's}} & {\bf{Two/To/Too}} & {\bf{There/Their/They're}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Then}} refers to time. & {\bf{Its}} is \seqsplit{possessive} pronoun. & {\bf{Two}} is a number, as in {\bf{2}}. & {\bf{There}} usually refers to a place, like {\emph{here and there}}. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: He went to the store; {\bf{then}} he went home. & EXAMPLE: I love {\bf{its}} color! & {\bf{To}} is a \seqsplit{preposition} or the beginning of an \seqsplit{infinitive}. & {\bf{Their}} is a \seqsplit{possessive} pronoun. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Than}} is a \seqsplit{comparison}. & {\bf{It's}} is a \seqsplit{contraction} that means {\emph{it is}} & {\bf{Too}} means also or to indicate a large amount. & {\bf{They're}} is a \seqsplit{contraction} of {\emph{they are}} \tn 
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EXAMPLE: She like big dogs more {\bf{than}} little ones. & EXAMPLE: {\bf{It's (It is)}} so good to see youi! & EXAMPLE: {\bf{Two}} monsters went {\bf{to}} Tokyo {\bf{to destroy}} it, but Tokyo was {\bf{too}} far away, and they had \seqsplit{bellyaches}, {\bf{too}}. & EXAMPLE: {\bf{They're (They are)}} going over {\bf{there}} to get {\bf{their}} money back. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{PRONOUNS}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{PRONOUNS MUST BE CLEAR}} & {\bf{WHO VERSUS WHOM}} \tn 
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It needs to be obvious what the pronoun is referring to. & {\bf{Who}} is a subject. Subjects get to do things. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: {\bf{Bob and John}} went shopping and {\bf{they}} bought too much junk food. & EXAMPLE: {\bf{Who}} will be singing for us tonight? \tn 
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{\bf{PRONOUNS MUST AGREE IN NUMBER/GENDER BASED ON ITS ANTECEDENT (THE NOUN THAT COMES BEFORE IT)}} & EXAMPLE: I know this guy {\bf{who}} will eat anything for a dollar. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: The new {\bf{store}} sits between buildings more than twice {\bf{its}} height. & {\bf{Whom}} is an object. Objects get stuff done to them. \tn 
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EXAMPLE: The first chair {\bf{trombonist}} from Pea Ridge was very happy with {\bf{his/her}} contest score. & EXAMPLE: To {\bf{whom}} are you speaking? \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.128 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{IRREGULAR VERBS}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Today, I...}} & {\bf{Yesterday, I...}} & {\bf{For years, I...}} \tn 
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begin & began & have begun \tn 
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break & broke & have broken \tn 
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bring & brought & have brought \tn 
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build & built & have built \tn 
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choose & chose & have chosen \tn 
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go & went & have gone \tn 
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lead & led & have led \tn 
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ring & rang & have rung \tn 
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rise & rose & have risen \tn 
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run & ran & have run \tn 
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see & saw & have seen \tn 
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seek & sought & have sought \tn 
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shrink & shrank & have shrunk \tn 
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sing & sang & have sung \tn 
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sink & sank & have sunk \tn 
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speak & spoke & have spoken \tn 
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swim & swam & have swum \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{THESE ARE NOT WORDS -{}- SO, STOP USING THEM}} \newline irregardless, funner, where at, its', could of, kinda, boughten}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PREPOSITIONS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/frenological_1686141596_Screenshot 2023-06-07 at 7.19.11 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{CAN A SQUIRREL DO THIS WITH A TREE?}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PREPOSITIONS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{about} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{along} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{beside} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{except} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{off} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{past} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{under} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The squirrel and tree metaphor doesn't always work, but it's still helpful.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}