\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{foodsystemswork} \pdfinfo{ /Title (foodsystems.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (foodsystemswork) /Subject (FoodSystems Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{17A32E} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F9F1} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{FoodSystems Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{foodsystemswork} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/141015/cs/30124/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}foodsystemswork \\ \uline{cheatography.com/foodsystemswork} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 8th December, 2021.\\ Updated 8th December, 2021.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{4} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.75526 cm} x{2.67774 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Introduction}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} FS \seqsplit{elements} & {\bf{Production}}: Farmer grows the food {\bf{Distribution/Aggregation}}: truck drivers pick up from farm Processing: cleaning, inspecting, packaging shipping Marketing: marketing to restaurants, universities, grocery stores, etc. Purchasing: people buy the food Prep/Consumption: cooking… kinda speaks for itself lol Resource/Waste Recovery: Landfills, Recycling systems, Trash systems \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 13) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.99557 cm} x{2.43743 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Local Food Definitions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} USDA & 400 miles \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} NCDA & within state boundaries \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Personal & food that is accessible, culturally appropriate from practices to values, and provides regional significance \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Food Security & all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their food preferences and dietary needs for an active and healthy life. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 7) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Food \seqsplit{Sovereignty} & the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 7) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} FS VS FS & Food security is a goal while food sovereignty describes how to get there. Food security does not distinguish where food comes from, or the conditions under which it is produced and distributed. Food sovereignty emphasizes ecologically appropriate production, distribution and consumption, social-economic justice and local food systems as ways to tackle hunger and poverty and guarantee sustainable food security for all peoples. \tn % Row Count 36 (+ 16) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.99557 cm} x{2.43743 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Local Food Definitions (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Change-agents} & Change agents undertakes the task of initiating or managing change in an organization (innovators → positive outcome) \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Food councils & \#1 role: community outreach, planning, and food access (1)Assess food systems, (2)Connect stakeholders (3)Educate leaders and community, recommend policy + program changes \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 7) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Policy & regulated by government and other institutions (ex: Farm Bill) \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} policy & defined by cultural practices and norms \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RBA}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Population \textgreater{} Results \textgreater{} Experience/Story \textgreater{} Indicators + Baselines \textgreater{} Story behind the baselines \textgreater{} Partners \textgreater{}What works \textgreater{} Criteria \textgreater{} Strategy and Action Plan (Goes back to Indicators) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) Ask population accountability questions \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) "What would it take to succeed?" \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) Indicator: a measure that helps quantify the achievement of a result \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) - Ex: Median income of American Indian(AI) and Alaska Native(AN) households \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2) - Baseline: The median household income for AI/AN households was \$35,000 compared to \$50,000 for the national average. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3) Objective: Measuring the health of consumers in an area \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) Indicator: Number of people that buy produce at the grocery store in that area. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2) Assessment: a tool for deepening a community's understanding of its food system. It is a systematic way of collecting baseline data and stories that define a community's food system with the goal of identifying ways to enhance or strengthen the food system.% Row Count 23 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Secondary data: Pros: Abundant (all levels), provides quick insight, often comparable standard formats \newline Cons: Might not be available, could be old, overall less control} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Issues + Impacts}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{issues \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) Access to market - (Food deserts, obesity and other diet related illnesses) \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2) Environment Impact - (soil degradation, depletion/deterioration of groundwater aquifers) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2) Food waste - (increases methane and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2) Why it is hard to do research on local food systems: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2) 1. The definition of "local food" is a gray area. No single definition. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) 2. There is little data on local supply chains. (ex: farmers selling to supermarkets) \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2) 3. Complex, sensitive issues to talk about (economic \& health impacts) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) Health: Individual weight loss, lower rates of diabetes, lower BMI \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2) Economic: Money spent on local food tends to get respent within local economy. People who shop at farmers markets often shop at other nearby local businesses. Can help support entrepreneurship and new business development. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 5) Community: Working collectively (ex: community garden) creates stronger social ties. More civic engagement.% Row Count 25 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} C Sequestration & The capacity for agricultural lands and forests to remove CO2 from the atmosphere. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Adaptive capacity (resiliency) & The ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or to cope with consequences. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 10) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Ex of AC & diversify crops, CC, marketing \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Direct impacts on ag & 1. Inconsistent weather patterns \& increased severity of storms destroys yields 2. Rising temperatures is decreasing crop yields (greenhouse effect) 3. New pest, pathogen, and weeds problems. a. Due to changing climate, an insect or weed that couldn't thrive north of Texas in decades past may find Iowa a perfect fit going forward. \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 17) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change (cont)}} \tn % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Climigration & climate refugees are forced to migrate to survive. ○ Types of Climate Related Migration: involuntary, planned relocation, and general migration. \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Food supply chain, health, and water supply impacts & temperatures rise so does water use for people, crops, animals, and industry. - Increased temp= lack of running water to get clean, and more disease being spread. - Air pollution. - Food and supply insecurity from the effects of COVID-19. Supply chain is running behind. \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 14) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Biochar & Partly burn materials such as logging slash or crop waste to make carbon-rich, slow-to-decompose substances. It can then be buried or spread on farmland \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Cover Crops & adding biomass, reduces pesiticides \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Agroforestry, Intercropping} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} No till & prevent soil erosion and compaction \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} Diet changes & Contrary to popular opinion, food choices have a larger impact on GHG emissions than transportation ("food miles") which contributes 11\% of GHG emissions. Production level is responsible for 83\% of GHG, and diets can affect the level of production and how it is produced. Red meat is one of the top GHG agricultural products and it is 130 more GHG intensive than chicken or fish. Dietary shifts like consuming red meat once a week to more vegetables, dairy or eggs could be more beneficial than eating solely local food. \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 27) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} C credits & financial instruments generated by projects to offset GHGS (trees, cc, grazing). Pros: could be profitable, excludes farmers because VC cost 75\% \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} C tax & Carbon Tax: A government fee imposed on companies that burn coal, oil, or gas. Its goal is to reduce greenhouse gases that cause global warming. - Pros: Makes polluters pay the external cost of carbon emissions. It enables greater social efficiency, as we pay full social cost. Raises revenue which can be spent on mitigating climate change/effects of pollution. - Cons: Firms may shift production to countries without a carbon tax. Administration costs (a new cost) for measuring pollution and collecting the tax itself. \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 27) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Climate Change (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Health impacts & air pollution, disease \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} Water & GW decrease, heavy precip., 69\% used in ag \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} FS chain & surplus + deficits, arable land \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Warmer temp lengthen growing season = higher yeields \newline 2. Decreased soil moisture increases need for irrigation \newline 3. Northern migraton of weeds \& weeds responds better to CO2 \newline 4. Increase disease pressure -{}-\textgreater{} early springs/winter} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RE}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Equity}}: recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) 3 expressons \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) - Institutional: not being able to take out a loan at the bank even though you are qualified to do so. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3) - Cultural: "A seed remembers where it is from", story \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2) - Personal: spending millions of dollars instead of donating individual resources to black farmers. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3) -{\bf{Dismantling white supremacy culture in the workplace}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) - Black/white thinking, perfectionism, defensiveness sense of urgency, quantity over quality, identify explicit goals, transparency, accountability, multracial teams \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4) {\bf{Robert Livingston: 5 step plan}} \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1) - (1) Problem awareness, (2) Root-cause analysis, (3) Empathy, or level of concern about the problem and the people it afflicts, (4) Strategies for addressing the problem, and (5) Sacrifice, or willingness to invest the time, energy, and resources necessary for strategy implementation.% Row Count 26 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supply Chain}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Market channels}}: the people, organizations, and activities necessary to transfer the ownership of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) {\bf{Supply chain}}: A food supply chain is defined as the set of trading partner relationships and transactions that deliver a food product from producers to consumers. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 4) {\bf{Value chains}}: strategic alliances between farms or ranches and other supply-chain partners that deal in significant volumes of high-quality, differentiated food products and distribute rewards equitably across the chain. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 5) {\bf{Values}}:Accountability, long term commitment, communication, and transparency. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) {\bf{Community development}}: ENGAGEMENT of community members to pro-actively understand and enhance economic, social, political, environmental, cultural, physical, and educational aspects of \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4) a community through visioning, goals, objectives, and implementation." \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) Relation to Ag: Shaping community food systems, implementing community gardens, etc.% Row Count 23 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supply Chain}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Market channels}}: the people, organizations, and activities necessary to transfer the ownership of goods from the point of production to the point of consumption \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4) {\bf{Supply chain}}: A food supply chain is defined as the set of trading partner relationships and transactions that deliver a food product from producers to consumers. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 4) {\bf{Value chains}}: strategic alliances between farms or ranches and other supply-chain partners that deal in significant volumes of high-quality, differentiated food products and distribute rewards equitably across the chain. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 5) {\bf{Values}}:Accountability, long term commitment, communication, and transparency. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) {\bf{Community development}}: ENGAGEMENT of community members to pro-actively understand and enhance economic, social, political, environmental, cultural, physical, and educational aspects of \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 4) a community through visioning, goals, objectives, and implementation." \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 2) Relation to Ag: Shaping community food systems, implementing community gardens, etc.% Row Count 23 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hunger}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Biological determinants- hunger, appetite, and taste. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) Economic determinants- cost, income level, availability. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2) Physical determinants- access to food/markets, education, skills (e.g. cooking) \& time. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) Social determinants- culture, family, and peers \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \#1: Poverty \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1) Others root causes include: job instability, food shortages and food waste, nutritional quality, discrimination, unstable markets, climate change, war and conflict, etc.% Row Count 12 (+ 4) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COVID}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Unemployment rose from 3.8\% \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Food banks operated by Feeding America saw a 60\% increase in need for food assistance across the country \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3) - Changes in demand of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restricted food trade policies, financial pressures in food supply chain, etc. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 4) Bottleneck effect in farm labor, processing, transport and logistics, as well as momentous shifts in demand. Most of these disruptions are a result of policies adopted to contain the spread of the virus. (Outbreaks in factory = policy requires shutdown = impact trickles down food supply chain)% Row Count 14 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Emergency Food Systems: Absence of rights: People relying on food banks have no legal rights if their requests are turned down. \newline - Fragility \& Dependency: Emergency food is dependent on volunteers, donations, and goodwill. \newline - Leftovers: Food pantries may receive damaged, mislabeled, or almost expired foods. \newline - Fragmentation: Food pantries may not be spread out evenly in needy areas (ex: one distribution center)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COVID}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Unemployment rose from 3.8\% \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Food banks operated by Feeding America saw a 60\% increase in need for food assistance across the country \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3) - Changes in demand of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restricted food trade policies, financial pressures in food supply chain, etc. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 4) Bottleneck effect in farm labor, processing, transport and logistics, as well as momentous shifts in demand. Most of these disruptions are a result of policies adopted to contain the spread of the virus. (Outbreaks in factory = policy requires shutdown = impact trickles down food supply chain)% Row Count 14 (+ 6) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Emergency Food Systems: Absence of rights: People relying on food banks have no legal rights if their requests are turned down. \newline - Fragility \& Dependency: Emergency food is dependent on volunteers, donations, and goodwill. \newline - Leftovers: Food pantries may receive damaged, mislabeled, or almost expired foods. \newline - Fragmentation: Food pantries may not be spread out evenly in needy areas (ex: one distribution center)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Food recovery hiearchy}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Source reduction \newline 2. Feed hungry people \newline 3. Feed animals. \newline 4. Industrial uses \newline 5. Composting \newline 5. Landfill/incineration} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Food recovery hiearchy}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Source reduction \newline 2. Feed hungry people \newline 3. Feed animals. \newline 4. Industrial uses \newline 5. Composting \newline 5. Landfill/incineration} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Food recovery hiearchy}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Source reduction \newline 2. Feed hungry people \newline 3. Feed animals. \newline 4. Industrial uses \newline 5. Composting \newline 5. Landfill/incineration} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Food recovery hiearchy}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Source reduction \newline 2. Feed hungry people \newline 3. Feed animals. \newline 4. Industrial uses \newline 5. Composting \newline 5. Landfill/incineration} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Food Waste}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- "Ugly" produce trend: Misfits Market \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) - Upcycling: products that weren't completely used in one stage of production getting used in another stage for a new product. (i.e. granola bars made from beer grains, coffee flour) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 4) - Donation (churches, food banks, Society of St. Andrew in eastern NC) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2) Approximately 40 to 50 percent of food WASTE happens at the consumption level. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2) - (at home, restaurants, retail businesses, institutions, etc.) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) Yet most food LOSS at the production level. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1) - 20 billion pounds of produce is lost on farms every year. \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2) - Food loss occurs on farms for a variety of reasons. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) - To hedge against pests and weather, farmers often plant more than consumers demand. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2) - Food may not be harvested because of damage by weather, pests and disease. Market conditions off the farm can lead farmers to throw out edible food. If the price of produce on the market is lower than the cost of transportation and labor, sometimes farmers will leave their crops unharvested. \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 6) Different compost methods: \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1) - Putting a container in the freezer and putting scraps in the freezer \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 2) - A specific store bought vermicompost kit \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1) - Any air tight tupperware that you have at home will work (must be airtight to maintain anaerobic conditions)% Row Count 31 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biotech}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Genetic engineering: the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3) - Agricultural biotechnology: a range of tools, including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants/animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 6) - Genetically modified organisms: are animals, plants or microorganisms that have been modified using modern biotechnology techniques. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3) Traits: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1) - Engineering crops to be more resistant to damages (pest, weather, etc) \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2) - Reduce allergens in crops \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) - Create plants that detoxify pollutants in soil \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) - Advancements outside crops (Animal vaccines, improving antibiotic production \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2) -Currently GM foods do not have to be labeled . \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 1) -They are highly regulated and undergo testing. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 1) -Different agencies regulate them. \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 1) -Beginning in 2022 GMOs will be required to be labeled as "bioengineered". \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2) -Biotechnology is mostly used in grain crops which are fed to livestock → climate change. \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 2) -Some people question if it is safe (human health). \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 2) -50\% of people surveyed are wary about GM foods. \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1) -40\% of people weren't concerned. \newline % Row Count 30 (+ 1) } \tn \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biotech (cont)}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-10\% claimed they didn't understand it enough to know. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) -Agronomic health: Weeds have become more resistant to herbicides and insects \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2) -Human Health: No clear evidence of negative effects on human health \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2) -Socioeconomic: positive benefit in reducing crop losses to farmers (more money for them% Row Count 8 (+ 2) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}