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  /Title (american-gov-midterm.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (flopbunny)
  /Subject (American Gov MidTerm Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{American Gov MidTerm Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{flopbunny} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/193200/cs/40192/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}flopbunny \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/flopbunny} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 6th September, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocab}}  \tn
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Anarchy - a state without government and laws & government - an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control & nation - a group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion \tn 
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state - a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government & country - a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government & sovereignty - the supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaires \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
divine right - the idea that people are chosen by a god or gods rule & social contract - theory that by contract, people surrender to the state the power needed to maintain order and the state, in turn, agrees to protect its citizens & unitary system - a government that gives all key powers to the national or central government \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocab (cont)}}  \tn
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confederacy - a loose union of independent states & federal system - a government that divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial governments & constitution - a plan that provides the rules for government \tn 
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\seqsplit{constitutional} government - a government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern & \seqsplit{authoritarian} - controlling all aspects of citizens' economic, political, and social lives & totalitarian - a system of government in which the government has total control \tn 
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dictatorship - a system of government in which power is in the hands of one person who has total control & oligarchy - a system of government in which a small group holds power & monarchy - a system of government in which a king, queen, or emperor exercises supreme powers of government \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocab (cont)}}  \tn
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democracy - government in which the people rule & republic - a government in which voters hold sovereign power; elected \seqsplit{representatives}, responsible to the people, exercise that power & limited government - the concept that a government's power was not absolute \tn 
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\seqsplit{representative} government - a government in which people elect delegates to make laws and conduct government & amendment - change to the constitution & enumerated powers - a list of items, found in Article I, Section 8 of the constitution, that set forth the \seqsplit{authoritative} capacity of Congress \tn 
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% Row 8
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jurisdiction - the limits of territory within which authority may be exercised & judicial review - the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments \seqsplit{unconstitutional} & federalism - a system of government in which two or more governments exercise power over the same people and the same territory \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocab (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
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delegated powers - powers the constitution grants or delegates to the national government & expressed powers - powers directly stated in the Constitution & implied powers - powers the government requires to carry out its expressed \seqsplit{constitutional} powers \tn 
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reserved powers - powers that belong strictly to the states & concurrent powers - powers that both the national government and the states have & federal grant - a sum of money given to a state or local government for a specific purpose \tn 
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% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
mandate - a formal order given by a higher authority & bicameral legislature - a two-chamber legislature & \seqsplit{reapportionment} - the process of reassigning \seqsplit{representation} based on population, after every census \tn 
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% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
gerrymander - to draw a district's boundaries to gain an advantage in elections & incumbent - elected official who is already in office & constituent - a person whom a member of Congress has been elected to represent \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
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caucus - a private meeting of party leaders to choose candidates for office & quorum - the minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action & hold - a motion placed on a bill in the Senate that alerts party leaders that if unanimous consent were to be sought, they would object \tn 
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filibuster - a method of defending a bill in the Senate by stalling the legislative process and preventing a vote & cloture resolution - a procedure that allows each senator to speak only one hour on a bill under debate & standing committee - a permanent committee in Congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues \tn 
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select committee - a temporary committee formed to study one specific issue and report its findings to the House or Senate & joint committee - a committee that consists of members from both the House and Senate, formed to act as a study group that reports back to the House and Senate on a topic or bill & conference committee - a temporary joint committee set up when the House and the Senate have passed different versions of the same bill \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 14)
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\seqsplit{appropriation} - approval of government spending & divided government - when one party controls the White House and the other controls the House and Senate & joint resolution - a resolution passed in the same form by both houses in Congress (can be used to pass a law, must be passed by both chambers and presented to the president) \tn 
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simple resolution - covers matters affecting only one house of congress and is passed by that house alone (no law necessary) & concurrent resolution - covers matters requiring the action of both houses but on which law is not needed & rider - a provision on a subject other than the one covered in the bill \tn 
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earmark - part of a funding bill that will go toward a certain purpose & pork barrel legislation - laws that are passed by Congress to appropriate money for local federal projects & logrolling - an agreement by two or more lawmakers to support each other's bills \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Amending the Constitution}}  \tn
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{\bf{Proposal}} & {\bf{Ratification}} \tn 
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proposed by 2/3 vote of both houses -\textgreater{} & passage by 3/4 of state legislature \tn 
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OR proposed by 2/3 vote of national convention called by Congress on request of 2/3 state legislatures & OR by 3/4 of special state conventions \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reapportionment Process}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Census (population count)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Congress determines \# of reps for each state} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- States are informed} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- States create districts (must be equal in population, continuous, and compact)} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gerrymandering Processes}}  \tn
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{\bf{Cracking}} & {\bf{Packing}} \tn 
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- spreading like-minded voters among multiple districts to dilute their impact and prevent them from constituting a majority & - concentrating like-minded voters in a single distract, allowing the other party to win the remaining districts \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bill Processes}}  \tn
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{\bf{House}} & {\bf{Senate}} \tn 
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- sponsor(s) \& numbered (introduced in house) & - introduced to senate and assigned to committee \tn 
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- assigned to committee by Speaker of the House (MOST BILLS DIE HERE) (gets marked up, referred to standing committee for study, hearings, revisions, and approval) & referred to standing committee for study, hearings, revisions, and approval \tn 
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- rules committee sets conditions for debate and amendment on the floor (put on calendar (open/closed rule))) & - debated, then passed or defeated (no limits to debate...filibuster, cloture motion (puts end to filibuster)) \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- conference committee resolves differences between both houses of Congress versions of bill  \newline - Congress vote on final passage, approved bill is sent to the president  \newline - the president signs, vetos, or allows it to become law without signing (veto returns to Congress; veto may be overridden)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Federalist \& Anti-Federalist Arguments}}  \tn
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{\bf{Federalist}} & {\bf{Anti-Federalist}} \tn 
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- power needed to be divided between the states and the national government & - executive branch has too much power \tn 
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- the new government needed a strong executive & - the "necessary and proper" clause gave too much power to Congress \tn 
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- since all rights can't be listed in the body of the constitution, it is better to add a bill of rights AFTER ratification & - no bill of rights has been proposed \tn 
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- because all branches were equal, no branch could maintain an army in peacetime & - the national government could maintain an army in peacetime \tn 
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- in a republican form of government, representation is based on the consent of the governed & - the proposed constitution gave too much power to the national government at the expense of the states \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Congress}}  \tn
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{\bf{House of Reps}} & {\bf{Senate}} & {\bf{Congress}} \tn 
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- members chosen every 2 years by the people & - composed of 2 senators from each state & - must get together at least once a year (on Jan.3rd) \tn 
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- must be 25, citizen for 7 years, can not live in the state they serve & - divided equally into 3 classes (class 1: every 2 years, class 2: every 4 years, class 3: every 6 years) & - if a bill is not returned by the president in 10 days (no sundays), it will become law \tn 
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- can choose the speaker of the house (2nd in line to be president) & - must be 30, citizen for 9 years, can not live in the state they represent &  \tn 
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- have sole power of impeachment & - vice president is president of the senate but has no vote unless there is a tie &  \tn 
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- bills for taxing originate in the house of reps & - choose their other officers and pro tempore &  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Congress (cont)}}  \tn
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 & - tries all impeachments &  \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Powers of Congress}}  \tn
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{\bf{Expressed Powers}} & {\bf{Implied Powers}} & {\bf{Inherent Powers}} \tn 
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1. to lay and collect taxes & 1. regulate sale of alcohol &  \tn 
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2. to borrow money & 1. punish tax evaders &  \tn 
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3. to regulate commerce & 1. create the IRS & 3. to grant or deny diplomatic recognition to other countries \tn 
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4. to establish uniform laws of \seqsplit{naturalization} & 2. establish a bank & 4. control the nation's borders \tn 
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5. to establish post offices and post roads & 3. set minimum wage &  \tn 
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6. to declare war & 3. protect the disabled & 6. defend the government from revolutions \tn 
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7. to \seqsplit{raise/support/maintain} a military & 3. prohibit \seqsplit{discrimination} &  \tn 
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 & 4. limit \# of immigrants &  \tn 
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 & 5. prohibits mail fraud &  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Powers of Congress (cont)}}  \tn
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 & 5. prohibits the shipments of certain products &  \tn 
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 & 6. establish a draft &  \tn 
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 & 7. to build the highway system &  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Congress (2023)}}  \tn
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{\bf{House of Reps}} & {\bf{Senate}} \tn 
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Speaker of the House- {\bf{Kevin McCarthy}} & President of the Senate- {\bf{Kamala Harris}} \tn 
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House Majority Leader- {\bf{Steve Scalise}} & President Pro Tempore- {\bf{Patty Murray}} \tn 
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House Minority Leader- {\bf{Hakeem Jeffries}} & Senate Majority Leader- {\bf{Chuck Schumer}} \tn 
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House Majority Whip- {\bf{Tom Emmer}} & Senate Minority Leader- {\bf{Mitch McConnell}} \tn 
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House Minority Whip- {\bf{Katherine Clark}} & Senate Majority Whip- {\bf{Durbin Richard J.}} \tn 
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 & Senate Minority Whip- {\bf{John Thune}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}