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% Document Info
\author{felixcharlie (felixcharlie)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (hapi-week-1-part-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (felixcharlie (felixcharlie))
  /Subject (HAPI Week 1 Part 1 Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{HAPI Week 1 Part 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{felixcharlie (felixcharlie)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/142439/cs/30617/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}felixcharlie (felixcharlie) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/felixcharlie} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 25th January, 2022.\\
   Updated 27th January, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1.1 Define Anatomy \& Physiology}}  \tn
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{\bf{Anatomy}} & {\bf{Physiology}} \tn 
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The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to each other & The study of how the body and its parts work or function \tn 
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{\emph{Gross anatomy}}: easily observable, can be seen with the naked eye & Many sub-divisions e.g. neurophysiology, cellular physiology \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Microscopic anatomy}}: only seen at high magnification (Cells \& Tissues)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1.4 Homeostasis, negative \& positive feedback}}  \tn
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{\bf{Homeostasis}} & {\bf{Negative feedback}} & {\bf{Positive feedback}} \tn 
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The body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment & Most common homeostatic control mechanism & Rather than reversing the direction of the response, creates a loop \tn 
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Involves all body systems & Shuts of the original stimulus, or reduces intensity of reaction & Example is contractions in childbirth \tn 
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Must be maintained for normal body functions and to sustain life & Works like a heater with a thermostat & Contractions cause pain, but the production of oxytocin creates a positive feedback loop, continuing the contractions to push baby out \tn 
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Homeostatic imbalance is a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease, e.g., excessive sweating & if the level of something rises, control systems reduce it again & Positive feedback loops back to homeostasis through response, negative feedback reverses to homeostasis by opposing stimulus \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1.4 Homeostasis, negative \& positive feedback (cont)}}  \tn
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Examples of how homeostatic imbalance affects body: imbalanced reproductive hormones could lead to infertility, imbalance of calcium could lead to osteoporosis & If the level of something falls, control systems rise it again &  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Communicates through neural and hormonal contriol systems: Receptor (Detects change and sends information to control centre) -\textgreater{} Control centre (Determines set point, analyses information and determines appropriate response)-\textgreater{} Effector (Carries out necessary change)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1.2 Levels of structural organisation}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Chemicals}} - e.g. Atoms: Carbon, Hydrogen etc.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Molecules}} - e.g. water, sugar, protein} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Organelles}} - e.g. mitochondria} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Cells}} - e.g. bone cell, muscle cell} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Tissues}} - e.g. connective} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Organ system}} - e.g. cardiovascular} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Organism}} - e.g. made up of many organs (humans)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There are 4 types of tissue: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle \& Nervous} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Epithelial}}: Covers body surfaces and lines cavities; Forms glands; Closely packed; Always has a free surface (not covered by another tissue)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Nervous}}: Conducts electrical signals; Protects, binds, and supports the body and its organs; Stores energy \& helps with immunity; Most abundant \& widely distributed; Serves as transport system; Can be fluid, semi-solid, or solid} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Muscle}}: Specialised cells that contract and shorten; In the process generates heat} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Connective}}: Cells organised to provide protection, support, and 'holding together'; Detects changes to the internal and external body; Responds by generating electrical signals (action potentials)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1.5 Major organ systems and their major function}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{11 organ systems} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Integumentary}} - Largest organ of the body; forms a protective layer from external environment; skin, hair, nails \& associated glands (sweat, mammary, sebaceous and ceruminous} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Skeletal}} - Support structure for your body; allows movement; makes blood cells; stores minerals} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Muscular}} - Attached to bones or organs and blood vessels; responsible for movement} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Nervous}} - Transmits signals between brain and body; controls ability to see, move, think, breathe etc} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Endocrine}} - Made up of the body's different hormones; regulates all biological processes;} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Cardiovascular}} - Supplies body;s organs with oxygen and nutrients; also carries CO2 and waste for disposal} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Digestive}} - Breaks down food into nutrients to make those nutrients absorbable} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Lymphatic}} - Part of immune system;  protects body from illness; mainatins fluid levels etc} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Respiratory}} - A group of organs and tissues that work together to make you breathe; moves fresh air in the body and removes CO2 waste} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Reproductive}} - Collection of organs that allow the body to impregnate/become pregnant} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{ Urinary}} - Filter blood and create urine as a waste byproduct} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{All work together to maintain a healthy body} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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