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% Document Info
\author{felixcharlie (felixcharlie)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (electrolyte-homeostasis-part-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (felixcharlie (felixcharlie))
  /Subject (Electrolyte Homeostasis Part 1 Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Electrolyte Homeostasis Part 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{felixcharlie (felixcharlie)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/142439/cs/30999/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}felixcharlie (felixcharlie) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/felixcharlie} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 4th March, 2022.\\
   Updated 5th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Electrolyte homeostasis is the interplay of electrolyte intake and absorption, electrolyte distribution, electrolyte excretion, and electrolyte loss through abnormal routes} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If electrolyte excretion or loss through abnormal routes increases, electrolyte intake also must increase to prevent electrolyte imbalance} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There are many things that may cause an electrolyte imbalance} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hormones involved in maintaining fluid balance}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Hormone & Net effect \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) & Blood pressure increases (with fluid intake); blood volume increases (with fluid intake); blood osmolarity decreases \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Renin-angiotensin} system & Blood pressure increases \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Aldosterone & Blood plasma Na+ maintained, blood plasma K+ decreases. Blood volume and blood pressure maintained (by decreasing urine output) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) & Promotes natriuresis, elevated urinary excretion of Na+ (and Cl-), accompanied by water. Increases loss of water in urine \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Primary fluid in the body} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Most physiological processes require water} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Water delivers electrolytes \& nutrients, and carried away waste.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Helps regulate body temp. and helps maintain blood volume} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Water balance is affected by age, gender, muscle mass (more muscle = more water, more fat = less water)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{60\% of an adults body weight is water - there is more water in a child and less in an eldery person, placing these populations at increased risk of fluid \& electrolyte imbalances} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Daily intake requirements is 2000-3000mL (in ideal conditions, changes in situations such as fever, increased metabolism etc.)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1L of water = 1kg weight so daily weighs can be a good indicator of whether a patient is maintaining good fluid \& electrolyte balance} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Intake sources: Liquids (1500mL/day), Solid foods (800mL/day), Metabolism (300mL/day)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Fluid loss sources: Kidney (1200-1500mL/day), Skin (500-600mL/day), Lungs (400mL/day), GI Tract (100-200mL/day)} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Measureable intake sources: Oral fluid, tube feedings, Parenteral fluid, Enemas, Retained irrigation fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Measureable output sources: Urine, Emesis, Feces, Drainage from body cavities} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Not measureable intake sources: Solid foods, metabolism} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Water (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Not measurable output sources: Sweating, vaporisation through lungs} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Regulation of fluid balance}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Regulation of F\&E movement}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Osmosis}} & Movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Diffusion}} & important in the transport of gases; sometimes requires the assisstance of a transport system (facilitiated diffusion - used in insulin \& glucose); similar to filtration but more about movement of particles that movement of fluid (also includes gas transport \& electrolytes) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Flitration}} & Differences in water volume, i.e. hydrostatic pressure. Happens at tissue capillary level from capillaries to interstitial fluid, i.e. edema; hydrostatic pressure pushes fluid through the membranes (cell \& vessel walls) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Active Transport}} & Molecules have to move against a conc. gradient, requiring active energy and a transport system - such as a Na-K pump requiring ATP - which moves 2 substances at the same time in opposite directions, againt conc. gradients. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 9)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluid Shifts}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If intracellular fluid (ICF) becomes hypertonic relative to extracellular fluid (ECF), water moves from ICF to ECF via osmosis, causing cell death} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If ECF becomes hypotonic relative to ICF, water moves from ECF into cells, expanding the cell and potenially causing cell to burst} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}