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\author{faminconnue (faminconnue)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (quantitative-method-the-survey-method.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (faminconnue (faminconnue))
  /Subject (Quantitative Method: The survey method Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Quantitative Method: The survey method Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{faminconnue (faminconnue)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/178871/cs/38796/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}faminconnue (faminconnue) \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th May, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{purposes of survey research}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- exploratory: e.g. what are the general views of the dutch on sending weapons on Ukraine? \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- descriptive: e.g. what percentage of the dutch population supports sending tanks to Ukraine and what percentage supports sending fighter jets? \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
- explanatory: e.g. what are decisive factors that make the dutch supporting sending weapons to Ukraine? \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
→ these questions inquire after opinions of a large group of people or a population; a survey offers an overview of the population \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
→ the latter 2 are most often used; they test hypotheses based on underlying theories% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{conducting survey research does not necessarily mean you have to collect data yourself; you can also perform a secondary analysis {\emph{(=the data collected and processed by one researcher is reanalysed for a different purpose by another)}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{characteristics of a survey}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- use large scale sample from a population \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- using {\emph{standardised}} questions \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- mostly {\emph{close-ended}} questions \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
- data are processed {\emph{statistically}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
surveys capture: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- opinions \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- orientations \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- attitudes \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
→ of large populations by interviewing individual respondents% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{survey questions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{can be:}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- open-ended: respondent's own answer \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- close-ended: predefined answers → must be exhaustive and exclusive \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\emph{the quality of survey research depends on the quality of the questions}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{criteria:}} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- clear + precise \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- unambiguous + not double-barrelled \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- relevant → Responders must be competent to answer \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
- unbiased → they should not contain biased terms \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
- they should not refers to norms% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{survey methods}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{four main methods}} of administering survey questions:  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- self-administered questionnaires: respondents have to fill out a copy of the questionnaire themselves (CASI) \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
- interview surveys: face-to-face, administered by an interviewer (CAPI) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- telephone surveys (CATI) \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
- online surveys (CAWI)% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{advantages vs. disadvantages}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{methods} & advantage & disadvantage \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{self-administered} & • cheaper • less time consuming • more willingness to report controversial opinions • interviewers do not impact answers & - lower response rates - higher risk of receiving incomplete questionnaires - no control over who fills in the questionnai \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{interview} & • higher response rate • higher completion rate • more affective in addressing complicated issues • possibility of making additional observations • control over who answers the questions & - expensive and time consuming - risk of compliance - less willingness to respond to sensitive issu \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 13)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{strenghts and weaknessen}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{strengths:}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- get a fairly accurate picture of large population \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- can get data on large number of cases \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- large number of questions on very different topics give flexibility in analyses \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- standardised data allows you to compare different respondents \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{weaknesses:}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
- social context or life in which respondents act/think cannot be captured \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
- you cannot react to sudden changes in field or the life of respondents \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
- assigning respondents scores on the basis of standardised, close-ended questions may result in certain degree of superficiality \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
→ survey research is generally weak on {\emph{validity (due to artificiality)}} and strong on {\emph{reliability (due to standardised questions)}}% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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