\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{faminconnue (faminconnue)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (gender-quota-s-wgp.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (faminconnue (faminconnue))
  /Subject (Gender Quota's - WGP Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{615146}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F5F4F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Gender Quota's - WGP Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{faminconnue (faminconnue)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/178871/cs/45112/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}faminconnue (faminconnue) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/faminconnue} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 26th November, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Definition and Purpose}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{= mechanism to guarantee a certain percentage of women are present either (1) the ballot paper or (2) in parliament} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- act as a process and a facilitator of women's political inclusion} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- compensate for the many gendered barriers of accessing political office} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Gender Quota's}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Constitutional (e.g. France, Rwanda) → aka reserved seats: are usually enshrined in a country's constitution and guarantee that a certain proportion/number of parliamentary seats are reserved for women} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Voluntary (e.g. Scandinavian countries; Germany) → quota's are voluntarily set by political parties to facilitate the nomination of a certain number or proportion of women candidates} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Legislative (e.g. ROI, Belgium, Spain, Poland, Argentina) → are enshrined in the election law, political party law or other comparable law of a country; usually apply to the nomination stage of candidate selection} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Application of Quota's}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Results /Outcome (Reserve Seats)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Nomination (Candidate Selection)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Effectiveness of Quota's (Franceschet et al, 2012)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-  imposing significant quota obligations and penalties} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- strong political will} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- combining (fit) with institutional structures} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reasons for Movement}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Legacy of (i) historical exclusion of women from political citizenship (ie suffrage); (ii) bias towards traditional gender roles have resulted in women's \seqsplit{under-representation} worldwide; and (iii) challenge the gendered nature of political institutions and decision-making & Men are over represented: 26.9\% women parliamentarians; 73.1\% men parliamentarians -\textgreater{} time to problematise men's overrepresentation rather than normalise women's underrepresentation (Rainbow Murray) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- progress in women's representation is slow, static, and subject to reversals & Ireland is ranked 104th of the world today \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- growing pressures on states/political parties since 90s to tackle women's \seqsplit{under-representation} & {\bf{endogenous pressure:}} e.g. women's movements, growing electoral competition, political parties  {\bf{exogenous pressure:}} e.g. UN, and the EU \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reasons for Implication}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- women's mobilisation} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- democratic renewal/change} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- international pressure (UN)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- elite support and strategic considerations -\textgreater{} often times key if positice action measures are to be introduced} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reason for Differences in Success}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Issues of system fit -\textgreater{} easier to 'fit' gender quota with PR-List electoral system} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Placement rules/mandates} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Sanctions, complience and enforcement -\textgreater{} how are the quotas enforced? finacial, disqualification, list rejection, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- winnable seats} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- political leadership \& will} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- political \& wider societal culture} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lessons Learned}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- it takes at least three electoral cycles to see numbers increase} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Resistance from 'local' party and resentment from male candidates} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Quotas have been associated with an increase in the introduction of women-friendly policy legislative proposals} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- need to manage ecpectations: "Women elected following the introduction of gender quotas shouldn't carry the sole responsibility 'to change the system'"} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gender Quota's in Ireland}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In Ireland, legislative gender quotas require that political parties nominate 30\% women candidates for general elections. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
- Passed in 2012 to address gender imbalance in Parliament. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
- Quotas apply to parties running at least 30 candidates. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- Parties face financial penalties for not meeting quotas. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Aims to increase representation of women in politics. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{reasons}}: \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
- The under-representation of women in Irish politics \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 2)
- Voluntary measures/'soft' targets were tried but failed \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
    -\textgreater{} Party investment on attracting and promoting women in politics was low \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
- Political reform, democratic renewal, 'New Politics' \newline % Row Count 20 (+ 2)
    -\textgreater{} a desire to break away from the 'old way' of'doing' politics \newline % Row Count 22 (+ 2)
- Women's mobilisation and feminist activism in society and parliament \newline % Row Count 24 (+ 2)
- Levelling the 'political playing pitch' \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 1)
- Party elite support in government \newline % Row Count 26 (+ 1)
{\bf{impact}}:  \newline % Row Count 27 (+ 1)
- 90 per cent increase women candidates \newline % Row Count 28 (+ 1)
- 48 per cent increase in number of women TDs \newline % Row Count 29 (+ 1)
- At the 2020 general election, 22.5 per cent women's representation in Dáil Éireann     \newline % Row Count 31 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gender Quota's in Ireland (cont)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{    →  A record high but far away from gender parity% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}