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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
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% Document Info
\author{faminconnue (faminconnue)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (descartes.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (faminconnue (faminconnue))
  /Subject (Descartes Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Descartes Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{faminconnue (faminconnue)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/178871/cs/37602/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}faminconnue (faminconnue) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/faminconnue} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th March, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Descartes' Project}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Physics was strongly developing. He was interested in contributing to physics in the Galilean sense and therapy.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
However, he found that a good, metaphysical foundation for physics was lacking*% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Archimedean Point}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{= the first point of certainty \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
according to Descartes the only thing that is certain is uncertainty. Uncertainty required the capacity to doubt \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
all else is built up from this one fixed point% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{I think, therefore I am (cogito ergo sum)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{if I'm doubting, I'm thinking \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
if there is something that thinks, it must exist \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-\textgreater{} so, I must exist if I think \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
I am a thing that thinks ({\emph{res cogitans}}) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
-\textgreater{} thinking is the condition for asserting that I exist \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
so, "I" exist \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
{\emph{we cannot doubt that we doubt}}% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mind Body Problem}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/faminconnue_1678717951_mind-body problem descartes.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{According to Descartes, the mind (res cognito) is a different substance as the body (res extensa). From this idea follows the mind-body problem, which is the problem that arises when figuring out how these two interact with each other, and there seems to be no way in which two independent substances can interact.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{different forms of reality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{formal reality:}} if we think then we have ideas \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
-\textgreater{} if something is true by existing it has a formal reality \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
{\emph{objective reality:}} ideas can represent things truly or falsely \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
-\textgreater{} if something is true because it represents something that exists it has an objective reality  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
things can have more or less reality% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possibilities fo Doubt}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{we should doubt everything; as anything can mislead us without us knowing it}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- authority of existing sources: people could lie or be wrong themselves \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- senses: are not informative enough/could be optical illusions \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
   -\textgreater{} we are not sure enough of what we are perceiving is real: "maybe I am dreaming?" \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
- mathematics: logic does not depend on sensory input (so is this real?) \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
- God: a being more powerful than me could mislead me  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
-\textgreater{} in short, the senses, mathematics, and Gods existence itself are not clear% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Methodological Doubt}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{a metaphysical foundation needs to be beyond all doubt.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
methods that can lead to mistakes are not fundamental; absolute demands \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\emph{cartesian doubt:}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- radical: nothing is accepted as true unless it's indubitable \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
- methodical doubt is the method to find absolute truth% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{benevolence}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{according to Descartes: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- God is perfect \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- deceiving is imperfect; God would not deceive me and allows me to gather truth \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
- there is no complete scepticism \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
- clear and distinct ideas are true \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
- there is a clear idea of another substance: this other substance is extended ({\emph{res extensa}})  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
everything in the world outside of us is extended and these have parts. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
when perceiving such res extensa something can go wrong, but we can correct ourselves (as God allows this) \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3)
-\textgreater{} God is not a deceiver and we have a clear and distinct idea of extension% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cartesian Dualism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{res cognitans: thinking substance (mind/soul) \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
res extensa: extended substance (body) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
-\textgreater{} they exist independent of one another \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
however, the body and soul are united, even if they are different substances \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
a substance, according to Descartes is defined by its essential attribute; to find an attribute that is not reducible to any other, is also to find a substance defined by the attribute.  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 4)
-\textgreater{}  matter = extension. mind = thought% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scala Naturae}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Descartes claims that, Man is special because he can think, and is only in body part of this mechanical nature. Man can understand God from thought, and animals are only machines% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the wax argument}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/faminconnue_1678729528_descartes.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In the wax argument, he argues that though the consistence of wax changes when it is heated, it is still the same piece of wax as it was before it was heated.  \newline With this, he wants to prove that our senses give us conflicting reports and so it is the "intellect" that allows our mind to perceive and conclude that it is still a piece of wax.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{God}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{according to Descartes:}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
We have the idea of God (formal reality). This idea is that God is the most perfect thing (objective reality) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3)
    → Ideas are caused by existing things (formal reality) (mechanical viewpoint) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Only something that has at least as much reality as what is produced can cause something to exist.  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
The idea of God contains the idea of perfection: i am imperfect, so there must be something perfect with the proper amount of reality \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
The idea of God has to come from outside me, namely from God  (highest formal reality) \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
And so, God exists% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}