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% Document Info
\author{Fahrinur}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cell-transport.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Fahrinur)
  /Subject (Cell transport Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Cell transport Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Fahrinur} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/160968/cs/33786/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Fahrinur \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/fahrinur} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 24th August, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




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\begin{multicols*}{4}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluid mosaic membranes}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Membranes do not only separate different areas but also {\bf{control the exchange of material}} across them, as well as acting as an {\bf{interface for communication}} & {\bf{Phospholipid}} structurally contain two distinct regions: a {\bf{polar head}} and {\bf{two nonpolar tails}} \tn 
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Membranes are {\bf{partially permeable}}: substances can cross membranes by {\emph{diffusion, osmosis and active transport}} & The {\bf{phosphate head}} of a phospholipid is {\emph{polar}} ({\bf{hydrophilic}}) and therefore {\emph{soluble}} in H2O. The {\bf{lipid tail}} is {\emph{non-polar}} ({\bf{hydrophobic}}) and {\emph{insoluble}} in H2O \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
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Cellular membranes are formed from a bilayer of phospholipids which is roughly {\bf{7nm wide}} & {\bf{Phospholipid monolayer}}: If phospholipids are spread over the surface of H2O they form a {\bf{single layer}} with the hydrophilic phosphate heads {\bf{in}} the H2O and the hydrophobic fatty acid tails sticking up {\bf{away}} from the H2O \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 12)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluid mosaic membranes (cont)}}  \tn
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The fluid mosaic model describes cell membranes as {\bf{mosaics}} because: The scattered pattern produced by the proteins within the phospholipid bilayer looks somewhat like a mosaic when viewed from above & {\bf{Micelle}} - If phospholipids are mixed/shaken with water they form spheres with the hydrophilic phosphate heads facing out towards the water and the hydrophobic fatty acid tails facing in towards each other \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 11)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The fluid mosaic model}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-   Form the {\bf{basic structure}} of the {\bf{membrane}} (phospholipid bilayer) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
-  Act as a {\bf{barrier}} to most {\bf{water-soluble}} substances \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
-  This ensures water-soluble molecules such as {\bf{sugars, amino acids and proteins}} cannot leak out of the cell \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
-  Can be chemically modified to act as {\bf{signalling molecules}} by: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
- Moving within the bilayer to {\bf{activate}} other molecules (eg. enzymes) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
- Being {\bf{hydrolysed}} which releases smaller water-soluble molecules that bind to specific receptors in the cytoplasm% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluidity of membrane}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cholesterol}}  \tn
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Cholesterol regulates the {\bf{fluidity}} of the membrane & Cholesterol also contributes to the {\bf{impermeabilty}} of the membrane to ions and increases {\bf{mechanical strength}} and {\bf{stability}} of membranes; without it membranes would break down and cells {\bf{burst}} \tn 
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Cholesterol molecules sit in between the phospholipids, preventing them from {\bf{packing too closely}} together when {\bf{temperatures are low}}; this prevents membranes from {\bf{freezing and fracturing.}} & At {\bf{higher}} temperatures it stops the membrane from becoming {\bf{too fluid}}: cholesterol molecules bind to the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, stabilising them and causing phospholipids to pack {\bf{more closely}} together \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glycolipids \& glycoproteins}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Glycolipids and glycoproteins contain {\emph{carbohydrate chains}} that exist on the surface, which enables them to act as {\bf{receptor molecules}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
There are three main receptor types: \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- signalling receptors for {\bf{hormones and neurotransmitters}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- receptors involved in {\bf{endocytosis}} \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
- receptors involved in {\bf{cell adhesion and stabilisation}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
Some act as {\bf{cell markers}} or {\bf{antigens}}, for {\emph{cell-to-cell recognition}}% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Proteins}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Transport proteins}} create {\bf{hydrophilic channels}} to allow {\bf{ions and polar molecules}} to travel through the membrane.  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
There are two types: {\bf{channel}} (pore) proteins \& {\bf{carrier}} proteins \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Each transport protein is {\bf{specific}} to a particular ion or molecule.% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transport proteins}}  \tn
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}