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% Document Info
\author{nurulfahriana (fahriana)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (fiqh-muamalat-kfd-2303.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (nurulfahriana (fahriana))
  /Subject (Fiqh Muamalat KFD 2303 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Fiqh Muamalat KFD 2303 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{nurulfahriana (fahriana)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/124043/cs/23632/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}nurulfahriana (fahriana) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/fahriana} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th July, 2020.\\
   Updated 8th July, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DEFINISI UNTUNG}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Perspektif Islam :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Untung dalam bahasa Arab ialah {\emph{al-ribh}} yang bermaksud \seqsplit{pertambahan/pertumbuhan} kegiatan perniagaan. & Dari segi istilah ialah lebihan \& pertambahan dalam aktiviti perniagaan yang terhasil daripada dua unsur iaitu usaha{\emph{(al-'amal)}} \& modal{\emph{(ra'su al-mal)}}. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Imam al-Tabari :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Untung wujud apabila berlakunya pertukaran antara barang sama ada nilai barang itu sama atau melebihi harga belian tersebut.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Nisaburi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Mendefinisikan perniagaan {\emph{(al-tijarah)}} kerana wujud untung di dalamnya.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Qurtubi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Merujuk kepada ungkapan kebiasaan orang Arab iaitu {\emph{"kamu mendapat keuntungan dan kerugian dalam jual beli kamu"}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{KONSEP KEUNTUNGAN}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Para Fuqaha' :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Membahagikan keuntungan kepada dua kategori iaitu {\emph{bab zakat}} dan {\emph{bab al-murabahah}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ZAKAT}} & Pertambahan ke atas modal dan ia ditinjau dari segi harta yang diwajibkan zakat iaitu harta yang berkembang {\emph{(al-namiyah)}}. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{AL- MURABAHAH}} & Pertambahan ke atas modal dan pertambahan ke atas modal setelah ditolak segala perbelanjaan yang dikeluarkan dalam memperoleh lebihan tersebut. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BAB ZAKAT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Imam al-Mawardi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Zakat itu wajib ke atas harta yang mampu berkembang melalui usaha atau secara sendirinya.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ibnu Qudamah :}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Menghuraikan harta yang berpotensi untuk berkembang ialah haiwan ternakan dan buah-buahan dengan syarat cukup {\emph{nisab}} dan {\emph{hawl}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Kasani :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Zakat tidak akan diperolehi kecuali dari harta yang berkembang.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BAB AL-MURABAHAH}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Baghdadi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Menyatakan konsep keuntungan adalah lebihan ke atas modal selepas mengurangi segala kos (beban) perbelanjaan tertentu dalam memperoleh keuntungan.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Imam Malik :}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Untung wujud apabila berlaku pengeluaran akad secara lisan meski barang belum dipindahkan ke tempat asalnya.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ibnu Khaldun :}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Beliau menyatakan membeli barang dengan harga murah, jual semula dengan harga mahal adalah disebut sebagai untung.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PEMBAHAGIAN KEUNTUNGAN PENDEKATAN FUQAHA'}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Terbahagi kepada dua pendekatan iaitu {\bf{ukuran yang tetap}} {\emph{(al-mi'yar al-jamid)}} dan {\bf{ukuran yang fleksibel}} {\emph{(al-mi'yar al-marin)}}. Pendekatan tersebut adalah untuk menentukan ukuran bagi membezakan antara {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}} dan {\emph{al-ghabn al-yasir}}.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UKURAN YANG TETAP}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Khajnadi (Golongan Hanafi) :}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Melihat {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}} pada takat melebihi nisf al-'usyur. & Melihat {\emph{ghabn al-yasir}} tidak melebihi nisf al-'usyur/tepat pada kadar nilfal-'usyur. \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ibn Yahya al-Bakhi :}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Berpandangan al-Ghabn pada barang perniagaan (al-'arud) adalah nisf al-'usyur, al-Ghabn pada haiwan ialah al-'usyur iaitu 1/10 dan al-Ghabn pada barang tak alih/al-'aqar ialah sebanyak al-khumus (1/5). Keuntungan melebihi ketentuan dianggap {\emph{al-fahisy}}/melampau.} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Golongan Maliki \& Golongan Syafi'i :}}} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Meletakkan kadar al-thuluth iaitu 1/3 atau lebih sebagai {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}}.} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Golongan Hanbali :}}} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Terjadinya {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}} ialah pada kadar al-thuluth (1/3) atau al-sudus (1/6).} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Mardawi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Berpandangan kadar al-rubu' (1/4) sebagai {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Golongan al-'Ibadiyyah :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Menetapkan kadar al-thuluth (1/3) atau lebih dalam menganggap sesuatu lebihan yang wujud dalam urus niaga sebagai {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{UKURAN YANG FLEKSIBEL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ibn 'Abidin :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Melihat {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}} sebagai suatu nisbah (keuntungan) yang tidak termasuk dalam penetapan taksiran oleh pihak pentaksir (al-muqawwim).Sekiranya kadar keuntungan yang dibuat melebihi taksiran pentaksir, maka ia dianggap {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sebahagian Ulama' Maliki :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Berbeza pendapat dalam penetapan kadar {\emph{al-ghabn al-fahisy}} sama ada pada kadar 1/3 atau lebih. Ada yang mengatakan ia tiada had tertentu. Ia bergantung kepada kebiasaan yang berlaku sesama peniaga. Jika berlakunya {\bf{al-taghabun}} (saling melakukan sesama mereka), maka tiada pilihan bagi {\bf{al-maghbun}} (mangsa keadaan), manakala jika berlaku di luar kebiasaan {\bf{al-maghbun}} punya pilihan.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Al-Mardawi :}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Nisbah al-ghabn perlu ambil kira {\bf{al-'uruf}} semasa (kebiasaan) dan bersesuaian dengan tahap masalah yang dihadapi. Nisbah hendaklah sedikit sahaja, agar mudah peroleh pulangan modal.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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