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\author{fahmed2555}
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  /Title (epidemiology-chapter-4-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (fahmed2555)
  /Subject (Epidemiology Chapter 4 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Epidemiology Chapter 4 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}fahmed2555 \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th February, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Descriptive Study Designs}}  \tn
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Case Report & Case Series & Cross sectional Surveys & Ecologic study \tn 
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A report of one \seqsplit{individual} which \seqsplit{descriptive} research is written. & A small group of people who have similar diagnosis & A survey that is done in a short period of time and its focus is an \seqsplit{individual} & Comparing variables when the unit of analysis is \seqsplit{aggregated} data \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 8)
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This \seqsplit{qualitiative} \seqsplit{information} is in \seqsplit{chronological} order & \seqsplit{Descriptive} \seqsplit{information} about research on the groups & There is control with \seqsplit{population} and \seqsplit{measurements} & Can help evaluate policies, rules, or programs \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
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There is \seqsplit{information} on only one person & The \seqsplit{information} is only about the small group & Rare \seqsplit{conditions} are difficult to survey and could be response bias & \seqsplit{Possibility} of \seqsplit{confounding} factors \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of data}}  \tn
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Nominal data & Ordinal data & \seqsplit{Continoues} data & Discrete data \tn 
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The order is not intrinsic and the \seqsplit{difference} between level is \seqsplit{meaningless} & There is an order made among \seqsplit{categories} & In a range there can be any value & the values are integers with fixed amounts \tn 
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gender, race, ethnicity & ranges, stage of cancer & age, weight, \seqsplit{temperature} & number of meals eaten in three days \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The most simple table is frequency distribution is a summary of frequencies. Relative frequency is dividing the number of people in each group by total number of people.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ratios and Rates}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A ratio is two values that are compared and it is calculated by dividing the numerator and denominator then multiplying 10\textasciicircum{}z (0,1,2,3,4,5 which equals 1,10,100,1,000,10,000,100,000). Rate is a measure of frequency in which a health related outcome occurs in a short period of time. Incidence rate is the number of new cases occurring in a given time. Prevalence rate is the frequency of existing cases at a given period of time. Point-prevalence is the proportion of a health related outcome at a point in time. An attack rate is when new cases occur during an outbreak. Person-time incidence rate is the frequency at which new health related cases start to occur in the population. Crude rate is an outcome calculated not including restrictions such as age or gender.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{: Incidence rate= new cases occurring/population at risk *10\textasciicircum{}z} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Measures of Association}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A contingency table is when every entry of data is classified by variables. The independent variable is an exposure and the dependent variable is the health related event. Correlation coefficient measures the strength of association between two variables. The geometric mean compares to the arithmetic mean on a logarithmic scale. Standard deviation is used in epidemiological studies.} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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