\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Euphoria\_} \pdfinfo{ /Title (unit5-formalities-fo-execution-amendment-of-wills.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Euphoria\_) /Subject (Unit5: Formalities fo Execution/Amendment of Wills Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{0D7A18} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7FAF7} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Unit5: Formalities fo Execution/Amendment of Wills Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Euphoria\_} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/38396/cs/32288/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Euphoria\_ \\ \uline{cheatography.com/euphoria} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 1st June, 2022.\\ Updated 1st June, 2022.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Execution Formalities - Overview}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Execution formalities outlines in {\bf{{\emph{s 2(1)(a) of the Wills Act 7 of 1953}}}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Compliance is an absolute requirement - should they be faulted in anyway the will is declared invalid.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The essence of the execution formalities lies in the signing of a will by: testator, the person who signs the will on the testator's behalf ({\emph{amanuensis}}), witnesses and commissioner of oaths (COO)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{What does signing of a will entail \& what qualifies as a signature for purposes of {\emph{s 1(1)(a) of the Wills Act?}}}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- making of initials - unclear on writing out of full name and surname.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- making of mark (only testator) - typically X or thumbprint. Additional formality: COO needs to certify this.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- making of signature} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Jhajbhai v The Master}}}}: Sign includes. usual signature as well as any other mode adopted by signer to write their name.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{As such the following are examples: Abicha Tshaimala, actual signature, A.T.} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{amneck and Rautenbach (eds) The Law of Succession in South Africa (2009) 68: Anything besides name does not count (i.e. nickname doesnt count). however:} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In {\emph{Smith v Parsons}} nickname Wally was allowed for condonation of the document under s 2(3) of the Wills Act} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Execution Formalities - Overview (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Unclear if same approach will be followed w signing of a will for the purpose of its execution in terms of s 1(1)(a) of the Wills Act} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Ricketts v Bryne}}}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Testator signed first page of will with regular signature but wrote out name \& surname in full on second page} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{invalid: 'Inconceivable that testator {\emph{in casu}} wrote names as signature, while on first page used normal signature} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{s 2(1)(a) of the Wills Act}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(a)(i)}}}} - Five Issues:} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Testator must sign Will in one of the four aforementioned ways.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) Amanuensis can sign on behalf of testator should they be incapacitated} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Can sign the testators signature of any of the aforementioned ways besides making a mark} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- If they sign their name in block letters ({\emph{Jhajbhai}}) they should follow it with p.p. (per procurationem)} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) Amanuensis must sign the will infront of the testator. The testator needs to be able to see the will or if they are blind they need to be in a position where they could if they werent blind.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4) If amanuensis signs will, the will needs to be certified by a commissioner of oaths} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5) The will must be signed at the end thereof} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{{\emph{Kidwell v The Master}}}}: signature must appear as close as reasonably possible to the concluding words of the will} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples on page 5 of notes} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 0) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(a)(ii): }}}} Four issues} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Signature must be made in the presence of at least 2) two witnesses} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- They can acknowledge a signature made without witnesses in the presence of witnesses} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Acknowledgement looks like the testator/animus declaring that the signature is indeed theirs} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) "In the presence of" = witnesses must have seen the will being signed by amanuensis/testator or if blind.. etc.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{s 2(1)(a) of the Wills Act (cont)}} \tn % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4) Witness must be competent. Means they must be above 14 and competent enough to give evidence in a court of law.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(a)(iii):}}}} 5 issues:} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Witnesses must attest \& sign will in presence of the testator, each other and amanuensis (if applicable)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Witnesses who sign will must be the same in whose presense testator/amanuensis signed the will} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) To attest means to act in the capacity of a witness} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) The witness's signatures serves to verify the authenticity of the testator/amanuensis's signature only.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- They do not need to know the content of the will} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4) In the presence of = meaning in S 2(1)(a)(ii)} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5) It is not expressly indicated where witnesses should sign.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Generally accepted that they should sign the last page of the will - not indicated where on the last page} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- They must sign after testator/amanuensis sign in terms of time, so it makes sense that they sign after their signatures.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Liebenberg v The Master }}}}: Testator signed one-paged will at the end thereof but two witnesses signed at the top of the page above the wording of the will.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Found: It is sufficient guard against fraud if testator signed at the end of the will. Not justified to interpret the Wills Act so as to make it obligatory for the witnesses to also sign at the end of the will.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{s 2(1)(a) of the Wills Act (cont)}} \tn % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(a)(iv): }}}} Four Issues} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Each page other than the page on which the will ends, must be so signed by the testator/amanuensis 2) anywhere on the page - customary to sign at the end.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) Witnesses do not need to sign all pages - last page sufficient} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4) So signed' means that witnesses, when signing the will, must act in the presence of the parties stipulated in s 2(1)(a)(iii)} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 0) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(a)(v): }}}} Deals with the certification of a will} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) {\emph{Which instances require certification of a will?}} If (i) the testator signed it by the making of a mark \& (ii) testator directed an amanuensis to sign the will on their behalf} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 4) % Row 38 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) {\emph{Who must conduct the certification?}} A comissioner of oaths.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 39 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- {\bf{{\emph{Radley v Stopforth}}}}: The certificate must express the commissioner of oaths' capacity as such explicitly - even if they are an attorney.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 40 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3) {\emph{What must the certificate indicate? }}That the COO has satisfied themselves w (i) the identity of the testator and (ii) that the will concerned is indeed that will of that testator} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 4) % Row 41 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Example on page 9} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 42 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4){\emph{ Where must the certificate be placed on the will? }} Any page, however, the COO must sign each page other than the page on which the certificate appears. Can sign anywhere} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{s 2(1)(a) of the Wills Act (cont)}} \tn % Row 43 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5) {\emph{When in the execution process must the certificate be placed on the will? }}At the same time compliance with the other formalities is effected.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 44 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- S 2(1)(a)(v)(aa): if certification is required, it must be signed in the presence of the COO by the testator/amanuensis \& witnesses. It must be made asap after it was so signed by the testator/amanuensis \& witnesses.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 45 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Exception s 2(1)(a)(v)(bb): if certification required but testator dies after will signed by testator/amanuensis \& witnesses, but before the COO has made certificate, the commissioner shall asap after the death complete certificate \& sign will on all pages other than certificate page} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 6) % Row 46 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples pg10} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Amendment formalities - 2(1)(b) of the Will Act}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Amendment: Deletion, addition, alteration (changing words) , interlineation.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Interlineation}}: inserting new words between the lines of a will} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Deletion}}: Deletion, cancelation or obliteration that does not intent to revoke the entire will} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- If testator effects deletion that intends to revoke entire will, amendment formalities dont need to be complied with.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 0) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(b)(i): }}}} The amendment must be identified by the signature of the testator/amanuensis} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(1)(b)(ii):}}}} The above signature must be made or acknowledged by signing parties in the presence of two competent witnesses} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ 2(1)(b)(iii);}}}} Amendment must be identified by the signatures of the witnesses \& testator/amanuensis} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{ S 2(1)(b)(iv):}}}} If the amendment is identified by the testator's mark or by the signature of an amanuensis, a COO must certify on will that they satisfied themselves w testator's identity \& that amendment has been made by/at request of the testator} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 6) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- All parties must identify this in front of COO who must make certificate asap. If testator dies, they should make it asap after their death.} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{NB Example pg12 - 14} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{S 2(2):}}}}} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-The amendment formalities apply only to amendments made after a will's execution - if during no need for compliance.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Amendment formalities - 2(1)(b) of the Will Act (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Because its not easy to determine whether amendments were made during or after a will's execution, s 2(2) presumes that any amendment made in a will was effected after the will's execution (and must, comply with amendment formalities)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- A rebuttable presumption \& contrary can be proven by factual evidence. Here compliance need not occur} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}