\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{etait4502} \pdfinfo{ /Title (unit-3-international-relations.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (etait4502) /Subject (Unit 3 - International Relations Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Unit 3 - International Relations Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{etait4502} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/81287/cs/21961/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}etait4502 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/etait4502} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 17th March, 2020.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Agreements and Disagreements in 1945}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The Yalta Conference, February 1945}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{By the start of 1945, it was clear that Germany was going to lose the war, so country leaders held a meeting to discuss what would happen upon Germany's defeat.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchhill discussed. Meeting went well and a lot decided, including what would happen to Germany (being split up into four parts)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The Potsdam Conference, July 1945}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Harry Truman replaced Roosevelt. Disliked communism and was determined to make sure that Stalin didn't get his own way. Churchhill replaced by Clement Attlee. USA had tested nuclear bombs (Hiroshima bombed a month after this) - scared Stalin and made him less likely to be friendly with USA.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Unfriendly atmosphere and little agreement made. Old hatreds reemerging.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The USSR Takes Over Eastern Europe, 1945}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Why? USSR had suffered really badly during WW2. 27mil dead, 32,000 factories in ruins. Stalin didn't want USSR to ever be invaded again - one way: to be in control of Eastern Europe himself. Ordered Russian Army to take control of lots of countries and put communist governments in charge.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Albania and Czechoslovakia. 'Satellite States'} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{USA felt that it had been deceived by USSR, thought Stalin was trying to spread communism round the world. Saw this as a threat to democracy and freedom across Europe and eventually elsewhere. Stalin saw nothing wrong with this, USSR 'friendly' with his country.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Agreements and Disagreements in 1945 (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Main result - mistrust and suspicion deepened.} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{An 'Iron Curtain'}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Churchhill made speech in which he said Western Europe was now separated from Eastern Europe with an 'iron curtain'. Stalin reacted angrily to this speech, claiming that Churchhill was stirring up trouble. Stalin stated USSR was only trying to defend itself.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Communist Control over E. Europe 1945-49}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The USSR Gain Control in Poland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania}}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Usually a pattern to what happened to these countries.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{First, communists joined in a coalition government, but they took key jobs such as the running of police and army.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Next, the communists got rid of opposition - fascists or capitalists were tried or expelled. Evidence was 'found' to cast doubt on non-Communist politicians and opposition was whittled away.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Finally, an election was held when hardly any opponents were left. Candidates were all or mostly Communists. When a Communist government was elected, a 'People's Democracy' was set up.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{By 1948, the USSR had set up 'friendly' Communist neighbours all along its borders with the rest of Europe. In each country, non-Communist leaders had fled, been put in prison or were dead.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Poland}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In 1945 Communists at first formed a government with socialists. This was known as the Lubin government. Once Communists obtained a majority share of government, they began to force out non-Communists.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Violence and intimidation widely used against opponents. Political meetings broken up by mobs, non-Communist politicians and party members were arrested, kidnapped and murdered.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In 1947, Communists rigged the election in order to gain complete control. Other political parties banned. Media and press controlled. Red Army helped to keep them in power.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Communist Control over E. Europe 1945-49 (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Leader of Peasant Party - Milolajczyk - so fearful for his life that he fled from Poland after his party had been disrupted, harassed and finally banned.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Bulgaria}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Red Army helped set up new government. Abolished the monarchy in September 1946 and made Georgi Dimitrov the new Prime Minister. Proceeded to run Bulgaria as a 'suburb of Moscow'. Over 10,000 killed by 1952 by this government.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Czechoslovakia}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Only country in Eastern Europe with a democratic government after 1945. In the 1946 elections, communists recieved 47.6\% of the vote. With pressure from USSR, Klement Gottwald (PM) allowed communists to take control of police and armed forces.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 5) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In February 1948 though, the communists took control of the whole government. In the process, a leading non-Communist Jan Masyrk 'committed suicide' by falling from a Prague window.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 4) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Hungary}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Red Army entered in September 1944. Free elections held in November 1945, won by non-Communist Smallholders' party.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 3) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{However in 1945-46, under Soviet pressure, secret police 'found evidence' against the Smallholders' party and they lost power. The United Workers' Party took over, led by Matyas Rakosi.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Under his leadership, Hungary became a 'People's Democracy' in 1949. It was given a new constitution based on the USSR's.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Communist Control over E. Europe 1945-49 (cont)}} \tn % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Rakosi organised the dismissal of independent-minded government ministers. Non-Communist parties were taken over in a series of mergers. Communist-controlled police were used to harass opposition and imprisoning some without trial. Eventually all other political parties were banned and afterwards, Rakosi led a very strict government with a ruthless secret police.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Romania}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Romania retained King Micheal as head of state but he was forced to make concessions to the communist-dominated government which was in power after March 1945. In December 1947, the King was forced to abdicate and Romania was ruled subsequently with a very strict Communist government.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 6) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Yugoslavia}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ruled by Josip Tito. Led the fight to free Yugoslavia from German control. Refused to accept control from USSR, and as he was successful and popular he could stand up to Stalin. From 1948, Yugoslavia was a Communist country outside Soviet control.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 5) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cominform and Comecon}}} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{By 1949, virtually all of Eastern Europe had Communist government. The USSR used other methods to maintain control of these Satellite States. From 1947, these countries were linked with the USSR through Cominform (the Communist Information Bureau) meaning all Communist governments had to take direct orders from USSR.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 7) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In 1949, Comecon (the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) was set up. Under this, all Communist governments had to create economic systems the same as the USSR. For instance, they prohibited trading with non-Communist countries.} \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The Truman Doctrine \& Marshall Plan}}}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The Truman Doctrine, March 1947}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Greece was the only country in Eastern Europe which wasn't Communist by the end of 1945.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{By the start of 1946, it looked like Greece was going to become communist too as the Greek government wasn't very strong. Without extra guns and money for supplies, the Communists would beat it and take over.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{President Truman decided that Greece must not become Communist. So in March 1947, Truman made a speech to American politicians which would become known as the 'Truman Doctrine'} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Truman promised that the USA would help any country threatened by Communism. Truman said that the USA would be containing Communism. Began containment policy. Truman's words were turned into actions immediately, to stop Communism taking over Greece, the USA gave the Greek government \$400 million to fight the Communists.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 7) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Containment could work. Americans thought containment was worth trying again elsewhere in the world.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The USA was committed to stopping Communism from spreading. USA was worried about Communism spreading to other countries in Western Europe, as they had been weakened through bombing in WW2. Truman was worried the USSR would take advantage of this weakness so he decided the USA could give things like money, equipment, food and tools.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 7) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Truman asked George C. Marshall to visit Europe in 1947 to see how much help the European countries needed. Towns, factories and farms were in urgent need of being rebuilt.} \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{The Truman Doctrine \& Marshall Plan}} (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When he returned the 'Marshall Plan' was devised to help European countries by giving them money.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{As a result the USA gave \$17 billion dollars to European countries between 1947 and 1952.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The USSR believed that the USA were using money as a way to dominate Europe. USSR and USA grew to despise each other even more - both believed the other superpower was attempting to dominate Europe.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cold War Grows}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When USA dropped the nuclear bomb on Hiroshima on 6 August 1945, it began an arms race. Relations between the USA and USSR worsened. The USSR felt insecure as it did not have an atomic bomb, so Stalin ordered his scientists to produce one quickly. By 1949, the USSR had succeeded.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{On 1 November 1952, the Americans went further and exploded the first hydrogen bomb. Explosion was 100x more powerful than Hiroshima. USSR weren't too far behind and tested a hydrogen bomb on 14 August 1953. Both superpowers were now capable of destroying each other in minutes.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Dwight Eisenhower decided the USA needed to make as many nuclear weapons as they possibly could. USSR weren't happy to settle in second place so in 1957 the USSR built the first 'Intercontinental Ballistic Missile' (ICBM) These rockets were able to carry nuclear warheads and could be launched at targets thousands of km away. USA caught up in 1958.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Both countries tried to place these weapons near to their enemy - USA put weapons in Turkey whereas USSR put weapons in Cuba} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Mutually assured destruction - the idea of making weapons was to deter or discourage the other side from using their weapons.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The Space Race}}} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Both superpowers wanted to prove they were the most technologically advanced country. Space exploration expanded their rivalry and had value for propaganda.} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Cold War Grows (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The USSR was most successful in the early stages of the space race. In 1957 successfully launched a space satellite - 'Sputnik' Were able to send dogs into space (Laika) shortly afterwards.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In 1961, the USSR were the first country to send a man into space - this was Yuri Gagarin. In 1963, Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman in space.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In contrast USA was less successful. 20 February 1962 - John Glenn became first American to orbit the earth. July 1969 - Neil Armstrong became first human to set foot on the moon.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Spies}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Level of distrust was so great that both the USA and USSR spied on each other to try and gather military secrets and other important information.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}