\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{etait4502} \pdfinfo{ /Title (theme-c-weather-and-climate.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (etait4502) /Subject (Theme C: Weather \& Climate Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Theme C: Weather \& Climate Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{etait4502} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/81287/cs/19487/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}etait4502 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/etait4502} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 28th April, 2019.\\ Updated 28th April, 2019.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Measuring the Elements of the Weather}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Weather \& Climate}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Weather is defined as the {\emph{day to day changes in the conditions of the atmosphere}} some examples of this include cold, dry, windy.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{However climate is defined as {\emph{the average weather conditions of an area taken over a period of 35 years.}} Climate can be temperate, tropical, equatorical or polar/arctic.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Recording the Weather}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Thermometer}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A thermometer measures temperature in degrees celcius.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Traditional thermometers contained mercury which expanded with the rising temperature. It was later replaced with alcohol and red/blue dye.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Now we use digital thermometers with electric resistors (thermistor) which are temperature sensitive. As the thermometer becomes more conductive, microcomputer finds the temperature by measuring the conductivity displayed.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Anemometer}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An anemometer measures wind speed in kph, km/h or knots.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It consists of a set of 4 plastic cups mounted at the end of bars on a pole, the cups are attached to a meter below centre. One cup is coloured red to show the movement of wind, meter records the speed of wind.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Rain Gauge}}} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A rain gauge measures precipitation in mm.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A metal cylinder containing a collecting bottle and funnel, stabilised to prevent a tilt from wind. At specific times the water is emptied into a specially calibrated measuring cylinder and measured in millimetres.} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Wind Vane}}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A wind vane measures the wind direction using the compass points.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Consists of a metal pole about 2m off ground or on top of a building, two bars cross at right angles. Main points of the compass are indicated on 4 ends, set facing north and spins when wind blows.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Recording the Weather (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Barometer}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A barometer measures air pressure in milibars.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atmospheric pressure is the weight of air pressing down on us. Air is light but because there is so much of it above us, it exerts a pressure on us. Atmospheric pressure is measured by a barometer. The units used are millibars. The greater the reading, the higher the pressure. Normal pressure is 1000mb with a reading above this being regarded as high pressure and a reading below is regarded as low pressure.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 9) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stevenson Screen}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Records humity and temperature.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Clouds}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/etait4502_1556480131_large (2).png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Clouds}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stratus: These are layered clouds that are low, grey and shapeless and usually are like a blanket of cloud over an area. They can bring some drizzle and rain.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cumulus: These are clouds that move quite quickly. They are white and fluffy and look like cotton wool. They can bring rain showers – especially when the base is grey.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cumulonimbus: These are much deeper clouds that climb high into the atmosphere. They often contain a lot of heavy rain and are associated with thunder and lightning storms.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cirrus: These are very high clouds that are wispy and made up from ice crystals.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Weather Forecasting}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A weather forecast is made using computers and records of past weather patterns to predict current weather} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Land based weather station} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Weather balloons} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Weather buoys} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Weather ships} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5. Satellites (Geostationary and Polar)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Affecting Climate}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Latitude}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Affects relative position of sun in the sky. Places near or at equator are warmer than poles as they get stronger more direct radiation from sun. Radiation travels through less atmosphere, reduced chance of being reflected back by particles or clouds.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Altitude}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Upland areas tend to be wetter than lowland places as air is forced over mountains, cools and water vapour condenses to create clouds and rain. Temperatures falls as height above sea level increases (1 degree per 100m).} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Prevailing Winds}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bring different amounts of moisture and heat depending on where they have come from. Places with prevailing winds from dry, hot, continental interiors usually have a desert climate eg. Atacama, South Africa. The prevailing wind for the UK is South-Westernly} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 6) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Distance from Sea}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(Continentially) influences the temperature range. Areas close to the sea tend to have a lower temperature range than inland. This is because the sea is a liquid and heats up less quickly than land. However it holds heat for longer. In winter months, warmed sea around coastal areas spreads heat to nearby land meaning they are warmer than inland areas.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Air Masses}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/etait4502_1556480922_sp170901_1.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.08602 cm} p{0.4177 cm} x{1.00248 cm} x{1.6708 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Air Masses}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Airmass & \seqsplit{Direction} & Moisture \seqsplit{Characteristics} & Temp. \& Seasonal Variation \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Polar Maritime (PM) & N-W & Wet & Cold \& wet (Winter) Cool \& damp (Summer) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tropical Maritime (TM) & S-W & Wet & Mild \& wet (Winter) Warm \& rainy (Summer) \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Polar \seqsplit{Continental} (PC) & N-E & Dry & Cold \& dry (Winter) Hot \& dry (Summer) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Tropical \seqsplit{Continental} (TC) & S-E & Dry & Mild \& dry (Winter) Hot \& dry (Summer) \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Synoptic Charts}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/etait4502_1556483927_23a4ffce00a79e0b8b80761c22b903d0.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Synoptic Charts}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Synoptic charts are maps which summarise the current weather conditions. They record the weather using a set of symbols. They show the fronts of a depression and the variation in pressure of the air using isobars.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Weather Systems \& Extreme Weather}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4177 cm} x{1.50372 cm} p{0.75186 cm} x{1.50372 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Depressions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Depressions are low pressure systems. They usually approach from the West and move East. Winds in a depression blow anticlockwise and into the centre of low pressure. When air gets into the centre of the low pressure it rises. Depressions can be 100s of kms wide. Depressions have 2 fronts called the warm front and the cold front. In between these 2 fronts is an area called the warm sector. The circular lines around a depression that show air pressure are called isobars and show air pressure measured in milibars.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 0) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\bf{Warm Front}} & {\bf{Warm Sector}} & {\bf{Cold Front}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & Cirrus - High in sky. Thickens & Low \seqsplit{Stratus} & Cumulonimbus (high), isolated cummulus \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & No rain yet. & Mainly dry & Heavy rain \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & High but decreases & Lowest & Rising \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & Strong & \seqsplit{Increases} & North Westerly \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Depression Cross-Section}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Warm Front}} & {\bf{Cold Front}} & {\bf{Occluded Front}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Warm (TM) air is pushed eastwards and is forced to rise gently over the colder denser (PM). As it rises it cools and condenses to form a band of steady rain which arrives before the warm air is felt. & Cold dense air is pushing hard into the warm air, it causes this warm lighter air to rise, causing tall clouds and heavy rain. & As a depression begins to die the cold front catches up with the warm front and lifts the warm airmass off the ground. This is called the occluded front. If this front passes over you will not notice any change in temperature at ground level as it remains cold but you will have a band of very heavy rain. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 24) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Anti-Cyclones /}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Anticyclones are high pressure systems. In the centre the air sinks and rotates slowly clockwise. There is little chance of clouds or rain in an anticyclone because sinking air compressed warms up near the ground. Air can hold more vapour, no condensation, no clouds. No clouds, no rain. On a weather map the isobars for an anticyclone are spaced well apart and this means winds are calm/gentle. Unlike a depression an anticyclone has no fronts because there is only 1 air mass. Fronts only occur where there are 2 airmasses. An anticyclone moves very slowly.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 12) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \textbackslash{} & / \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Summer Anticyclone}} & {\bf{Winter Anticyclone}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} - Cloudless skies & - Fog \& mist \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} - High temperatures & - Form at night \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} - Sunshine & - Cold \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Study: Typhoon Haiyan 2013}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Typhoons are tropical storms created from low pressure systems in tropical areas. They are also known as hurricanes or cyclones. Distinct structure with spiralling cloud and a central eye that can be seen from space.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Philippines is vulnerable to typhoons as large amounts of warm water surrounds the 7000 islands. Evaporation followed by condensation releases large energy amounts as latent heat. Few pieces of land to slow typhoon down, meaning powerful storms.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Background}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most powerful hurricane to hit area. Locally called Typhoon Yolanda and made landfall on 8th November 2013. Category 5 hurricane that brought sustained winds of 23km/h and gusts of 280/h. Days before landfall carefully watched by joint typhoon warning centre (JTWC) and PAGASTA using satellites and local weather station data. Haiyan tracked through Philippines in only 24 hours. Caused a storm surge of 8m in some areas.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 9) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Impacts on People}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 6190 dead, 1785 missing} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 371,000 evacuated and many more in refugee centres that were destroyed.} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Further loss of life caused by cholera and dysentery due to decaying corpses and raw sewage contaminating water supply.} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Millions experienced disruption to electricity supply, Bogo without power for weeks.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Impacts on Property}}} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Study: Typhoon Haiyan 2013 (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 5mil saw homes severely damaged or destroyed. 90\% of structures wiped out across 500mile radius of eye.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 10,390 schools destroyed} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Newly built civic buildings destroyed. Including new Bogo city hall which was opened in April 2013 - it was destroyed when the roof was ripped off it.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Many sought refuge in indoor stadium with reinforced yet died when it flooded.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Airport was severely damaged, terminal destroyed by 5.2m surge. Runway was submerged.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Impacts on Enviroment}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 71,000 acres of farmland destroyed} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Thousands of trees uprooted, massive release of carbon dioxide. Habitats destroyed and roads blocked.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Flooding impacted enviroment, power barge. 103 knocked over, oilspill would later affect mangrove ecosystems.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}