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\author{etait4502}
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  /Title (theme-a-population.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (etait4502)
  /Subject (Theme A - Population Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Theme A - Population Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{etait4502} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/81287/cs/22000/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}etait4502 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/etait4502} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th March, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.32 cm} x{5.68 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Keywords}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Crude Birth Rate & The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Crude Death Rate & The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Natural Increase & Increase in population as birth rate exceeds death rate. The surplus of births over deaths, excluding any changes in population due to migration. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Life Expectancy & The average period of time a person can expect to live for. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Population & The number of people that live in a population. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Affecting Birth and Death Rate}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Factors Encouraging a High Birth Rate}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Tradition} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Economic Reasons} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{No access to family planning or education} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Religious and cultural reasons} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Wanting a son (China)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Government policy (Russia, Italy, Australia)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Baby booms} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{IVF} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{High infant mortality} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Factors that Reduce the Birth Rate}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Working parents and career opportunity women} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Increased medical care, reduced IMR.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Having children later} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Expensive} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Religious reasons} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 16
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Choice (adoption)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 17
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Government policy (China)} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{War/conflict/civil unrest} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 19
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Fertility issues} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 20
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Blended families} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 21
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Urbanisation and mechanisation} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 22
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Factors that cause a High Death Rate}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 23
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{War and conflict} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 24
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ageing population} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 25
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Spread of diseases} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 26
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Lack of access to health care} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 27
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{High crime rates} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 28
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Poor diet} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 29
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Affecting Birth and Death Rate (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 30
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Mental health} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 31
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Reduced living standards, low quality of life} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 32
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Low infastrctures} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
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% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 34
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Improved healthcare} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 35
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% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 36
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{More doctors} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 37
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% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 38
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Vaccines and disease eradication} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 39
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Access to clean water} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 40
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Better diets} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 41
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% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 42
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Better hygiene} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 43
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Increased wealth} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 44
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Research and development} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 45
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Good infrastructure} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demographic Transition Model}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/etait4502_1583875201_Demographic-TransitionOWID.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DTM - Evaluation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{POSITIVES}} & {\bf{NEGATIVES}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Can be applied to all countries & Birth rates in several MEDCs have fallen below death rates. This has caused the population to decline which suggests that the model should have a fifth stage. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
It provides a starting point to demographic change over time. & The DTM is Eurocentric as the model assumes that all countries pass through the same four stages. It now seems unlikely, however, that Africa and many other LEDCs will ever be industrialised. There are also variables and exceptions such as war that may lead to different results. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 14)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
The timescales are flexible. & The model assumes the fall in death rate in stage 2 was due to industrialisation. In the UK, however, the death rate rose due to the poor conditions during the industrial revolution. The delayed fall in death rate in many LEDCs is due to the inability for people to afford healthcare. In many countries, the fall in birth rate has been slower in stage 3 due to opposition by religious organisations. Alternatively, in China, the birth rate has fallen sharply due to government intervention. \tn 
% Row Count 48 (+ 25)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DTM - Evaluation (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
It's easy to understand. & The timescale of the model, especially in several South-East Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Malaysia, is being squashed as they develop at a much faster rate than earlier industrialised countries. The UK stayed in stage 2 for over 100 years as social, economic and technological changes were introduced slowly and death rate fell slowly. In many LEDCs, death rate has fallen more rapidly because changes (i.e. the introduction of western medicine) have taken place much more quickly. The birth rate has stayed high and so the population has increased rapidly. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 29)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
It enables comparisons between countries. & The model does not include the impacts of migration. Countries that grew as a consequence of emigration from Europe (e.g, USA, Canada \& Australia) did not pass through the earlier stages of the model. \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Level of Dependency}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Non-economically active / economically active X 100} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.24 cm} x{3.76 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ageing and Youthful Population}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Ageing}} & {\bf{Youthful}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Politicians have to consider the grey vote. & High d.r, less economic prosperity \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Non-economically active, & 40\% of Africa under 15 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
3 pensioners for every 5 economically active. & Expensive to parents and government \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Private pensions, abolish state taxes. & Can look after parents when elderly. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Wisdom & Population structure imbalanced. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Taxes and age of retirement go up. & Widespread disease \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Pension, free transport. & More likely to protest issues \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Retirement homes are expensive. & Labour pool \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Volunteers, care packages make jobs. & Jobs created \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.92 cm} x{4.08 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Migration - Push and Pull Factors}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Push Factors}} & {\bf{Pull Factors}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Drought & Money \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Poor harvest & Jobs \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Poor housing & Schools \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Natural disasters & Modernity \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Poverty & Opportunities \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Unemployment & Education \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Infrastructure & Equality \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Education & Improved quality of life \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
War & Better housing \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lack of opportunities & Better infrastructure \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Corrupt government & No pollution \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Racism \& discrimination & Lower crime rate \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Pollution & Independence \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Migration - Types \& Barriers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Migration - The permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one place of residence to another.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Immigration - The inward movement of people into a country} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Emigration - The movement of people away from a country} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Barriers}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Human barriers are actions taken by people or nations to prevent movement, this can be done through only allowing certain people into the country due to visas or permits.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Physical barriers include rivers, mountain ranges or even deserts.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Types of Migrant}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{An {\emph{internally displaced person}} is somebody who is fleeing war, drought or famine but remains within their country, if they choose to cross an international border and apply to become a refugee they are known as an asylum seeker.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When an asylum seeker enters another country they can formally seek protection by claiming refugee status from that government. A refugee is someone who is protected from being sent back to their country of origin because of a proven fear of prosecution.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Economic migrants are people moving to improve their chances of getting employment and earning money.} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Study - Syrian Refugee's to Greece}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Background}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Unrest in Syria became a war in 2011, as a result there was a large increase in the numbers of people who were internally displaced or became migrants.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The first flow was a 'trickle' with around 8000 migrants initially fleeing to Turkey in 2011. By 2014, an estimated 815,000 Syrian migrants had fled to Turkey.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Of Syria's 22 million people, 6 million are internally displaced and 4.8 million have fled abroad.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Poverty, human rights abuses and increasing violence have encouraged many to leave their homes in Eritrea, Somalia and other countries to make the dangerous trip to Europe.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{More barriers are being put up to prevent the migrants moving North (heading for Germany and UK) - some of these fences have imposed caps on the numbers entering. This means more and more people are stranded in Greece, a burden on the relatively poor economy.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{What challenges do migrants face?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In the first eight months of 2016, about 240,000 migrants (mostly from Syria) made the crossing to Greece from Turkey. There had only been around 40,000 in 2014. These migrants cannot move any further into Europe as countries have closed their borders. Due to this many are stuck at Greece's northern border with increasingly unsanitary conditions.} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Others are in crowded camps that are not designed for the numbers which have to stay there.} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Study - Syrian Refugee's to Greece (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{What will happen next?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The future for these migrants are unclear. Those who gain refugee status will move into the other countries that will accept them, such as Germany. Those who do not will be sent back to Turkey.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The pace of dealing with this is slow. It is feared that these conditions will make crime more likely, or raise the number of migrants who may be tempted to join extremist movements.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Migrants do not have time to settle, send their children to schools or to find jobs to contribute to Europe's economy.} \tn 
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% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{While in the cramped and unsanitary camp conditions, migrants find it very difficult to form communities.} \tn 
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% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{What challenges does Greece face?}}} \tn 
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% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{High unemployment levels (25\% overall, 50\% for youths) mean that Greece has one of the weakest economies in the EU. It is having to deal with the migrant crisis largely on its own.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 16
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Living conditions and overcrowding in camps have to be tackled but this is difficult due to the constant stream of migrants due to the conflict in Syria. Greece is effectively a holding pen.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 17
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Anti-immigrant sentiment is on the rise in many countries. There have been racist attacks on migrants by Greece's neo-nazi Golden Dawn party. Pressure on Greek tourism and posing direct threat to the national economy. Other claims there has been little impact on tourism.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case Study - Syrian Refugee's to Greece (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ongoing cost of keeping large numbers of migrants whilst other European countries decide how many Syrians they will accept as refugees. Many acts of kindness from Greeks. Giving food and shelter to Hungry, participating in organised boat rescues.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}