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% Document Info
\author{Erich Toliongco}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ucsp-political-organization.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Erich Toliongco)
  /Subject (UCSP - Political Organization Cheat Sheet)
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{UCSP - Political Organization Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Erich Toliongco} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/186017/cs/41497/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Erich Toliongco \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/erich-toliongco} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 3rd December, 2023.\\
   Updated 3rd December, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.13551 cm} x{1.84149 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{POLITICAL ORGANIZATION}}  \tn
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universal system of norms, values, and roles for maintaining social order. & {\bf{THREE TYPES OF LAWS}} \tn 
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{\bf{ASPECTS IN MAINTAINING ORDER}} & {\bf{CONSTITUTIONAL LAWS}} \tn 
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Creating formal norms & from the constitution \tn 
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Applying sanctions & {\bf{STATUTORY LAWS}} \tn 
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Settling disputes among individuals & legislative bodies \tn 
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Settling disputes between nations & {\bf{COMMON LAWS}} \tn 
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 & Unwritten laws \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BANDS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small, nomadic groups connected by family ties} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{politically independent} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{SOCIAL STRUCTURE}}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{associations of families allied by kinship, marriage, descent, friendship, and common interest} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{LEADERSHIP AND DECISION MAKING}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Horizontal status and power} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Informal leaders emerge based on skills, knowledge, and community consensus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Temporary political power with no significant authority} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Decisions made by community consensus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{POLITICAL GOALS}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ensure harmony and resolve conflicts within the band} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Quarrels often arise over food, relationships, or space} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{No. of people increases, potential for conflicts also rises} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Conflicts may lead to the formation of new bands} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{POLITICAL SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{No central leadership position with authority} \tn 
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% Row 16
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Difficulty in creating binding treaties with Native American societies due to the diffused political system} \tn 
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% Row 17
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{SURVIVAL OF BRAND-LEVEL SOCIETIES}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{No traditional band-level societies exist today} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lasted until the late 19th century} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{TRIBES}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{More complex than bands} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{increased population size and a shift in subsistence patterns} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Kinship is based on more than family} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{INTEGRATIVE MECHANISMS}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pantribal associations or sodalities}} - new integrative mechanisms} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{bringing together individuals from different families} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Serve to create order and unity within the tribe} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{LEADERSHIP AND POLITICAL POWER}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Village headmen exist} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Political power comes from senior positions within kin groups and the ability to persuade or criticize} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{leaders known as "{\bf{{\emph{big men}}}}" accumulate wealth to enhance status and influence, engaging in ritualized economic redistribution.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{*EGALITARIANISM AND SELF-SUFFICIENCY}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{essentially {\bf{{\emph{egalitarian}}}}, with no family or residential group being politically or economically superior.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Families, including headmen's families, are self-sufficient in basic necessities} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{IMPACT OF CONTACT WITH LARGER SOCIETIES}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Tribal societies face consequences when in contact with larger-scale societies} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{No tribes have maintained their traditional political systems unaltered by outside influences} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHIEFDOMS}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mostly classless societies} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Distinguished by a permanent, full-time leader known as a chief with real authority} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chiefs} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{BASIS OF STATUS}}} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Seniority in kin groups is the primary basis} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chiefs are at the top of the kinship hierarchy, and others are ranked based on genealogical distance from the chief} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ECONOMIC REDISTRIBUTION AND STANDARD OF LIVING}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chiefs and their families often have a higher standard of living} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{perform society-wide economic redistribution (similar to tax) by siphoning off surplus agricultural products and redistributing them, holding back some for the chief's lifestyle} \tn 
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% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{contributes to economic advantages, social stability, and security in diverse environmental zones} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{POPULATION SIZE AND DISPUTES}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Larger population leads to less commonality among people} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chief serves as an arbitrator and judge in disputes that cannot be settled informally based on kinship and friendship} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ADVANTAGES IN WARFARE}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chiefdoms are more effective in warfare compared to bands and tribes} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Larger populations allow assembly of larger military forces} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CHIEFDOMS (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Centralized direction by the chief enables more decisive action} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ESSENTIAL ROLE OF CHIEFS}}} \tn 
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% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Once established, the position of the chief becomes essential to the functioning of society} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chiefdoms cannot revert to tribal levels unless their population significantly decreases} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{STATES}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{State-level political systems originated from chiefdoms in societies with large-scale intensive agriculture} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Evolved into centralized, authoritarian kingdoms with distinct classes based on wealth, power, and prestige} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{DEVELOPMENT OF STATES}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Around 5,500 years ago, early kingdoms in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia developed state-level political integration} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{emerged in the Indian subcontinent and China shortly thereafter} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{By 4,500 years ago, Mesoamerica and the central Andean mountain region of western South America also saw the development of states} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{POLITICAL STRUCTURE}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pyramid of authority with a hereditary elite class at the top, led by a king and royal family} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Commoners, primarily food-producing farmers, constituted the majority at the bottom} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{WARFARE AND CONQUEST}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Competition among independent kingdoms} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Victorious kingdoms annexed weaker ones} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{URBAN CENTERS}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cities housed major temples of state religions} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{HIERARCHY AND ROLES}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{SLAVERY}}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
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