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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{elrchqt}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (dna-replication-and-gene-expression.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (elrchqt)
  /Subject (DNA Replication \& Gene Expression Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{DNA Replication \& Gene Expression Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{elrchqt} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/192193/cs/39976/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}elrchqt \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/elrchqt} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 22nd August, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.14011 cm} x{2.83689 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA Replication}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-happens in SPhase & - proceeds bidirectional \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-copying a DNA molecule} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-semiconservative \{\{nobreak\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-DNA unwinds and unzips 2 strands} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Daughter DNA  \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{parent strand and newly synthesize}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-unzip = supercoiling} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.29402 cm} x{3.68298 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SUPERCOILING}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{DNA Gyrase}} & -enzyme topoimerase\{\{nl\}\}-creates a nick to relief torsional strain and release \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Helicase}} & -Destabilizing protein\{\{nl\}\}-promotes unwinding by binding to RF \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{SSB}} & -stabilize single stranded regions \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA POLYMERASE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-polymerization at 5' to 3' & |add in 3' end \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-requires template to copy & |complementary strand \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{{\emph{Types of dNTPs}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{{\emph{Primer}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Organisms & RNA, DNA in some organisms \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Viruses & Protein \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{DNTP - deoxynucleotide triphosphate \newline adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (dGTP), and thymine (dTTP)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA POLYMERASE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-polymerization at 5' to 3' & |add in 3' end \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-requires template to copy & |complementary strand \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Types of 4dNTPs}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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Organism & RNA , but DNA in some organism \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Virus & Protein \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{DNTP - deoxynucleotide triphosphate \newline adenine (dATP), cytosine (dCTP), guanine (dGTP), and thymine (dTTP)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{2.05965 cm} x{0.96117 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Models of DNA Replication}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{SemiConservative}} & {\bf{Conservative}} & {\bf{Dispersive}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-parent \& new synthesis & -both original and new strands & \seqsplit{-mosaic/hybrid} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-unwind each other & -rebase pair &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.43413 cm} x{1.54287 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Theta Replicaion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-present in bacteria (prokaryotic) & - circular form \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.78712 cm} x{2.18988 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LAGGING AND LEADING STRAND}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Lagging Strand}} & {\bf{Leading Strand}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-3' to 5' & -5' to 3' \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-discontinuous & -continuous \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-okazaki fragments & -no short fragments \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-each fragments requires its own set of primers & - requires only one primer \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-requires DNA ligase & -no DNA ligase \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-grows away from RF & -grows in direction of RF \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-synthesis of  new strands SLOW & -synthesis of  new strands FAST \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{RF - Replication Fork}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REPLICATION ORIGINS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-unique DNA segments & contains multimeric originbinding protein \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-ATrich stretch & less energy to melt A-T bp due to Hbonds \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROKARYOTIC DNA POLYMERASE}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DNA polymerase I & -RNA primer removal, DNA repair \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
DNA polymerase II & -DNA repair \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DNA polymerase III & -Chromosome replication \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MODELS OF DNA REPLICATION}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/elrchqt_1692677844_Screenshot 2023-08-22 120926.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROTEINS INVOLVED IN DNA REPLICATION}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Protein}} & {\bf{Activity}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
DNA Polymerase & -initiates \{\{nl\}\}-add nucleotide at 3' end \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DNA Helicase & -unzip/unwind DSDNA \{\{nl\}\}-separates DNA strands \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
SSBS & -stabilizer \{\{nl\}\}-preventing bp from reforming before lagging strand is replicated \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DNA \seqsplit{Topoisomerase} & -reseal \{\{nl\}\}-unravel twists in DNA \{\{nl\}\}-reduce torsional strain \& positive supercoil \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Sliding Clamp & -keeps DNA polymerase attached to template \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Clamp Loader & -lock sliding clamp to DNA (uses ATP hydrolysis) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Primase & -synthesis RNA primers in lagging strand \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DNA Ligase & -sealed/connect okazaki \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{SSBS - Single Strand DNA Binding Protein  \newline DSDNA- Double Strand DNA}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}