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% Document Info
\author{eevyern}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (cs4249.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (eevyern)
  /Subject (CS4249 Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{CS4249 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{eevyern} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/71068/cs/18011/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}eevyern \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/eevyern} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 25th November, 2018.\\
   Updated 25th November, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.59501 cm} x{2.01388 cm} x{1.96811 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Scales of Measurement}}  \tn
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{\bf{Scale}} & {\bf{Description}} & {\bf{Examples}} \tn 
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{\bf{Nominal}} & Catergorical; order doesn't matter & {\emph{Gender}}: 1 (male), 2 (female) \tn 
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{\bf{Ordinal}} & Ordered values. Order matters, but not difference between values & {\emph{Agreement}}: 1 (SD), 2 (D), 3 (Neutral), 4 (A), 5 (SA).  {\emph{Pain Scale}} (1-10) \tn 
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{\bf{Interval}} & Numeric. Difference between values is meaningful & {\emph{Relative Temperature}}: °C, °F, pH \tn 
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{\bf{Ratio}} & Numeric. Zero and ratios are meaningful & {\emph{Height, Weight, Absolute Temperature (K)}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Measurement is the process of observing and recording the observations collected as a part of a research effort.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.08574 cm} x{1.89126 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 1: Define Research Questions}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{eg. How does your technique...} \tn 
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• Compare with alternative techniques? & {\bf{Techniques}} \tn 
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• For which target population? & {\bf{Target users}} \tn 
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• For what tasks? & {\bf{Tasks}} \tn 
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• In terms of what measures? & {\bf{Performance measures}} \tn 
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• In what context? & {\bf{Other factors}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Target users}}: need to be specific - students who have been using the desired medium {\emph{consistently}}, for example \newline {\bf{Performance measures}}: like {\emph{speed, accuracy}} \newline {\bf{Other factors}}: other than different techniques, what factors can {\emph{influence the measures?}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 2: Define Variables}}  \tn
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{\bf{IV}} & • Factors manipulated in the experiment \{\{nl\}\} • Have multiple levels \tn 
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{\bf{DV}} & • Factors being measured \tn 
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{\bf{Control variables}} & • Attributes fixed throughout the experiment \{\{nl\}\} • {\bf{Confounders}} - attributes that vary and aren't accounted for \tn 
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{\bf{Random variables}} & • Attributes that are randomly sampled \{\{nl\}\} • Increases generalisability \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Confounders}} rather than IVs could have caused changes in DV. \newline They make it difficult/impossible to draw conclusions. \newline {\emph{Order of presentation}} and {\emph{prior experience}} are two important confounders that we need to control. (by counter-balancing and proper sampling)}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 3: Arranging Conditions (Within-Subjects)}}  \tn
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List the {\bf{IV}} and their {\bf{levels}} & eg. \{\{nl\}\}Technique (2 levels: Gesture, Marking) \{\{nl\}\} Menu depth (2 levels: 1, 2) \tn 
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Determine {\bf{counter-balancing strategies}} for each IV & • Full counter-balancing ({\bf{n!}} conditions) \{\{nl\}\} • Latin Square ({\bf{n}} conditions) \{\{nl\}\} • No counter-balancing (sequential) ({\bf{1}} condition) \tn 
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Determine {\bf{minimum no.}} of participants & Multiply all conditions together \tn 
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Determine {\bf{factorial arrangement}} of conditions & Put the permutations together \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Determine arrangement for {\bf{each participant}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Condition reduction strategies}}:  \newline • Pick the most important/interesting factors to test \newline • Run a few IVs at a time - if strong effect, include IV in future studies, otherwise, pick {\emph{fixed control value}} for it}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{One-way ANOVA}}  \tn
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Basic Idea: ANOVA tries to find the sources of this variance: & • due to difference {\emph{between}} groups \{\{nl\}\} • Variability {\emph{within}} each group \tn 
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Total Variability = BetweenGroup + WithinGroup & 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑇\textasciicircum{}=𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{}+𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{} \tn 
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Ratio of Variability & F = (𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{}/DF\textasciicircum{}B\textasciicircum{}) / (𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{}/DF\textasciicircum{}W\textasciicircum{}) \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{If the experiment is {\bf{successful}}, then 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{}\textgreater{}𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{}. \{\{nl\}\} Between-group variability will explain more variance than within-group.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The bigger the {\bf{F value}}, the smaller the {\bf{p value}}, and the less like the null hypothesis (no difference) is true.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Steps:} \tn 
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1. Calculate 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑇\textasciicircum{} & 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑇\textasciicircum{}=𝑠\_𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} (𝑁−1) \{\{nl\}\} DF\textasciicircum{}T\textasciicircum{} = (N-1) \tn 
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2. Calculate 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{} & 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{}=∑\_i\{\{fa-times\}\}𝑛\_𝑖 \seqsplit{(𝑥 ̅\_𝑖−𝑥 ̅\_𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑} )\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} \{\{nl\}\} • sum of {\emph{n}} \{\{fa-times\}\} difference of means from the grand mean \{\{nl\}\} DF\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{} = (No. of groups - 1) \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{One-way ANOVA (cont)}}  \tn
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3. Calculate 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{} & 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{}=∑\_𝑖\{\{fa-times\}\}𝑠\_𝑖\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} (𝑛\_𝑖−1)  \{\{nl\}\} • sum of variance\{\{fa-times\}\}no. of results in each group \{\{nl\}\} DF\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{} = total no. of results - no. of groups \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Double check: 𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑇\textasciicircum{}=𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑀\textasciicircum{}+𝑆𝑆\textasciicircum{}𝑅\textasciicircum{} \& DF\textasciicircum{}T\textasciicircum{} = DF\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{} - DF\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
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4. Calculate Mean Squared Error & MS\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{} = SS\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{}/DF\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{} \{\{nl\}\} MS\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{} = SS\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{}/DF\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{} \tn 
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5. Calculate F-ratio & F = MS\textasciicircum{}M\textasciicircum{} / MS\textasciicircum{}R\textasciicircum{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{if F is lower than value in F-table, then p \textless{} 0.05 \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} results are statistically significant} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Behaviour Theories}}  \tn
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Health Belief Model & Perceived Benefits v Perceived Barriers, Perceived Theat, Self-Efficacy, Cues to Action all contribute to Likelihood of Engaging in Health-Promoting Behaviour \tn 
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Theory of Reasoned Action & Self-belief + Influenced beliefs, Attitudes, Intention \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} Behaviour \tn 
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\seqsplit{Self-Determination} Theory & Intrinsic (self-benefit) v Extrinsic motivation (external benefits) \tn 
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Goal Setting Theory & Basic idea: goal serves as a motivator, work harder as long as they believe goal is achievable. Importance in Clarity, Challenge and Feedback \tn 
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Social Cognitive Theory & Cognitive, Environmental and Behavioural factors determine human behaviour \tn 
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Fogg Behavioural Model & Behaviour = Motivators, Ability, Triggers \{\{nl\}\} • Motivators: Sensation, Anticipation, Social Cohesion \{\{nl\}\} • Ability: Train or Simplify \{\{nl\}\} • Triggers: Spark, Signal or Facilitator \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Testable Research Questions}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Weak questions}} are {\emph{untestable}} and broad \newline {\bf{Stronger questions}} are {\emph{more testable}}, but {\emph{less generalizable}}}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Step 4: Define Trials}}  \tn
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Estimate the {\bf{time for each trial}} & around 5-10 seconds? \tn 
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Estimate the {\bf{time for each condition}} & Time for each trial \{\{fa-times\}\} no. of trials for each condition \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Balance}} the trials (so experiment is within 45 min)} \tn 
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Combine with the {\bf{condition arrangement}} & Essentially, find the total time the experiment will take \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Trials: a single repetition of a single condition \newline Typically want to have at least {\bf{3 trials per condition}} to increase reliability \newline Consider time: trials should last for {\bf{45 minutes}} (excluding pre and post interviews)}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interaction Effect}}  \tn
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Which t-test or ANOVA?}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cognition Processes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Attention} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Perception} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Memory} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Learning} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reading, speaking \& listening} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Problem-solving, planning, reasoning \& decision-making} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Attention}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Selecting things to concentrate on at {\emph{a point in time}} from the mass of stimuli around us} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Focus on information that's {\bf{relevant}} to what we are doing} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Involves audio/visual senses} \tn 
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Design \seqsplit{implications:} & • Make information {\bf{salient}} if it needs attending to \{\{nl\}\} • make things {\bf{stand out}} \{\{nl\}\} •{\bf{avoid cluttering}} interface \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Perception}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How information is {\bf{acquired}} from the world, and transformed into experiences} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Design representations that are readily perceivable} \tn 
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\seqsplit{Implication:} & • Group information \{\{nl\}\} • Text should bne legible and distinguishable from the background \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Memory}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Stages of memory: & • Encoding \{\{nl\}\} • Storage \{\{nl\}\} • Retrieval \tn 
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% Row 1
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Encoding: & • Determines which info is attended to in environment + how it's intepreted \{\{nl\}\} • Context affects extent to which info can be retrieved - different context \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} difficult to recall \tn 
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\seqsplit{Implications:} & • Focus attention/no complicated procedures \{\{nl\}\} • Recognition over recall \{\{nl\}\} • Provide various ways of encoding and retrieving info (searching v history) \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Storage:} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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Sensory Memory: & • {\bf{shortest-term}} memory, acts like a buffer for stimuli retrieved\{\{nl\}\} • Ability to remember and process info at same time\{\{nl\}\} • Information will {\bf{decay}} within 10-15s\{\{nl\}\} • Extended by rehearsal, hindered by interference \tn 
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% Row 5
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Long-term Memory: & •Declarative Memory (factual info):\{\{nl\}\}~• Semantic Memory (general) + Episodic Memory (personal knowledge)\{\{nl\}\}• Procedural Memory (skills/habits) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Memory (cont)}}  \tn
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Retrieval: & • Internal/External stimuli for {\bf{retrieval cues}}\{\{nl\}\}• Encoded at same time as memory \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cognitive System Principles}}  \tn
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{\bf{Uncertainty Principle}} & 𝑇=𝐼\textasciicircum{}𝐶\textasciicircum{}𝐻 \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{where T = Decision time, H = log2(n+1) (where n is the no. of choices)} \tn 
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% Row 2
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{\bf{Variable Rate Principle}} & More effort \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} Faster processing (ie. cycle time \{\{fa-arrow-down\}\} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Cycle time also diminishes with practice: 𝑇\_𝑛=𝑇\_1 \{\{fa-times\}\} 𝑛\textasciicircum{}−𝛼\textasciicircum{}} \tn 
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% Row 4
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{\bf{Fitts' Law}} & 𝑇\_𝑀=𝑎+𝑏 log\_2⁡(𝐴/𝑊+1) \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{where A = distance to target, W = error tolerance} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trans-theoretical Models}}  \tn
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5 Stages of Change & Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance \tn 
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Processes of Change & Consciousness raising, Social liberation, Goal setting, Helping relationships, Rewards \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Processes of change can be applied to 5 stages of change. \newline Each person will value different processes differently.}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Statistics}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{We use sample statistics to estimate/{\bf{make inferences}} about population parameters} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Due to {\emph{uncertainty}} and {\emph{variability}}, conclusions and estimates may not always be correct.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Need measures of {\bf{reliability}}} \tn 
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• {\bf{Confidence interval}} & • the confidence that the {\emph{true population value}} of a parameter falls within a {\bf{confidence interval}} \{\{nl\}\} • affected by: {\bf{variation \& sample size}} \tn 
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• {\bf{Level of significance}} & •"P value", α \{\{nl\}\} • the prob. of {\bf{rejecting the null hypothesis}} when it is actually true ({\emph{Type I error}}) \{\{nl\}\} • ie. concluding that there is a difference when there may be no actual difference \{\{nl\}\} • signifies the probability that the difference is due to chance \tn 
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Level of Significance {\bf{Thresholds}} & • Not significant (p\textgreater{}.1; p=n.s.) \{\{nl\}\} • Marginally significant (p\textless{}0.1) \{\{nl\}\} • (Fairly) significant (p\textless{}.05) \{\{nl\}\} • (Good) significant (p\textless{}.01) \{\{nl\}\} • (Excellently) significant (p\textless{}.001) \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 10)
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Some Formulae}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/eevyern_1543051368_Picture1.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cumulative Percentage}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/eevyern_1543051481_Picture2.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Central Limit Theorem}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{As the sample size gets larger...} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The mean of sample means approaches the {\bf{population mean}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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The standard error of the sameple means = the {\bf{standard deviation of the population mean}} & \{\{nobreak\}\} \seqsplit{𝑆𝐸=𝑠/√𝑛=√(𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒/𝑛)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SED Between 2 Samples}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/eevyern_1543052762_Picture3.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2-Sample t-test}}  \tn
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{\bf{Small sample sizes}} \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} {\bf{not normal distribution}} & Use {\bf{t-distribution}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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Steps: & 1. Calculate mean difference \{\{nl\}\} 2. Calculate SD \{\{nl\}\} 3. Calculate no. of SDs away from 0 \{\{nl\}\} 4.  Calculate df = smaller {\emph{n}} - 1 \{\{nl\}\} 5. Calculate p-value, for significance (which p-value is it closest to) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 11)
% Row 2
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If given desired {\bf{confidence interval}}, steps: & 1. Given desired CI \{\{nl\}\} 2. Get no. of SDs away from 0 from t-table \{\{nl\}\} 3. Calculate margin of error in units ((2) \{\{fa-times\}\} SD) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Difference between groups more likely to be significant if: & • {\bf{Large difference}} between means \{\{nl\}\} • {\bf{Small SD}} or {\bf{large n}} in each group \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 5)
% Row 4
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Assumptions: & • Continuous variable \{\{nl\}\} • Independent samples \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Also called the {\bf{independent-samples t-test}} \newline Other tests: \newline • One-sample t-test (sample v constant) \newline • Paired-sampled t-test (within-subjects, repeated measures) \newline • One-way ANOVA}  \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cognitive Heuristics}}  \tn
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{\bf{Affects}} & where {\bf{emotions}} influence {\bf{decisions}} \tn 
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{\bf{Availability}} & where people {\bf{overestimate}} the importance of information available to them \tn 
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{\bf{Confirmation Bias}} & where we only listen to information that confirms out {\bf{preconceptions}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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{\bf{Halo Effect}} & where an outcome in one area is due to factors {\emph{from another}} \tn 
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{\bf{Framing Effect}} & where the words used push listeners in a {\bf{certain direction}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Implications: watch out for biasing your participants.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structural Equation Modeling}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/eevyern_1543121933_Picture2.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Design Strategies for Lifestyle Behaviour Change}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Abstract \& Reflective} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Unobtrusive} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Public} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Aesthetic} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Positive} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Controllable} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Trending/Historical} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Comprehensive} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nielsen Heuristics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Visibility of system status} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Match system and real world} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{User control and freedom} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Consistency and standards} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Error prevention} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Recognition over recall} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Flexibility and efficiency of use} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Aesthetic and minimalist design} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Help users recognise, diagnose, recover from errors} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Help and documentation} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}