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% Document Info
\author{doramarin}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (hjukrun-sjuklinga-meo-lungnasjukdoma.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (doramarin)
  /Subject (Hjúkrun  sjúklinga með lungnasjúkdóma Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Hjúkrun  sjúklinga með lungnasjúkdóma Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{doramarin} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/162386/cs/34001/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}doramarin \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/doramarin} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 4th September, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Uppbygging {\"o}ndunarfæra}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Öndunarfærin}} & Loftvegir Nef, munnhol Barkakýli Barki Berkjur Lungnabl{\"o}ðrur Millivefur lungna  Æðar Fleiðra V{\"o}ðvar, stoðkerfi \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Hlutverk}} & Flytja súrefni inn í líkamann og losa hann við  koltvísýring \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Annað}} & Stjórnun pH, hljóðmyndun, sýklav{\"o}rn, lykt, gefur inn{\"o}ndunarlofti raka \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Skilgreiningar}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Öndun \seqsplit{(Ventilation)} & Loftflutningur inn og út um loftvegi \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Loftskipti & Skipting á koltvíoxíð og súrefni í lungnabl{\"o}ðrum \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Súrefni - binst hemoglobini (98\%)}} {\emph{Koltvísýringur flyst mest sem  bíkarbónat (HCO3)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Flutningur lofts um {\"o}ndunarvegi}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Áhrifaþættir} & Hreinir loftvegir, miðtaugakerfi, {\"o}ndunarst{\"o}ð, l{\"o}gun brjóstkassa, þangeta (compliance)lungna \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Inn{\"o}ndun & Þindin dregst saman, niður og  flest út, neðstu rifin hreyfast upp og út. Þrýstingur eykst innan brjóstkassa. Hver andardráttur 500-800 ml og inn{\"o}ndun 1/3 af {\"o}ndunarhring \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 7)
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% Row 10
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Út{\"o}ndun & Öndunarv{\"o}ðvar slakna \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lungnasjúkdómar og áverkar í lungum}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Medicinsk nálgun}} & Lungnabólga, langvinn lungnateppa, blóptappi í lungum. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Kirugisk nálgun}} & Thoractomia vegna æxlis í lungum, sýking í fleirðru \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Bráðir lungnasjúkdómar (acute respiratory diseases)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Respiratory depression (hypoventilation)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Bronchitis} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lungnabólga} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ARDS} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Fleiðruv{\"o}kvi (pleural v{\"o}kvi)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Blóðsegarek (pulmonary embolism)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Brjósthimnubólga (pleuritis)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hypoxia}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Hypoxemic hypoxia & {\emph{Hypoxemic hypoxia sem er lítið magn súrenfis í blóðinu, gerist vegna hypoventilation, ventilation-perfusion mismnatch sem gerist t.d. í pulmonary embolsm}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Circulatory hypoxia} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Anemic hypoxia} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Histotoxic hypoxia} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ventilation- perfusion Ratio (mismatch) orsakir}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 16
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Shunt & Blóð streymir framhjá alveoli en  loftskipti verða ekki (blóðflæði án  loftskipta). {\emph{Orsakir : Hindrun á loftflæði í  alveoli s.s. lungnabólga,  slímtappi, samfall ( atelectasis),  tumor}} \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 9)
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% Row 17
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Dead space & Loft er í alveoli en það er hindrun á  blóðflæði og því verða ekki loftskipti. {\emph{Orsakir: Pulmonary emboli, cardiogenic shock}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Hypoventilation (van{\"o}ndun)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 19
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Alveolar \seqsplit{hypoventilation} & Ekki nægt súrefni sem berst í alveoli. {\emph{Orsakir: Metabólískar, ónæg ventilation, extrapulmonary orsakir, chestwall og taugasjúkdómar}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Áverkar á lungu og brjósthol}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 21
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Blunt trauma & –Rof á loftvegi, v{\"o}ðva, æðar, hjarta \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lungnamar (Pulmonary contusion)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Rifbrot og sternumbrot} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Flail chest} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Pneumothorax} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bráð {\"o}ndunarbilun}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Týpa 1}} & pO2\textless{}60 mmHg (Hypoxisk {\"o}ndunarbilun) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Týpa 2}} & pCO2\textgreater{} 45mmHg (Hypercapnisk  {\"o}ndunarbilun) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Áhættuhópar}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Langvinnir teppusjúkdómar} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Afl{\"o}gun á brjóstkassa} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Taugasjúkdómar} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lungnabólga} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Orsakir}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lokun á lugnabl{\"o}ðrum & Bólga, bjúgur og fyrirferð \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Þrenging á berkjum & Bólga, bjúgur og fyrirferð \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Truflun á blóðflæði til lungnalaðra & Blóðsegi \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Upps{\"o}fnun koltvísýrings & Van{\"o}ndun og koltvíoxíð safnast upp \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lungnabólga & {\emph{Á við um heilbrigða einstaklinga og einnig einstaklinga með langvinna lungnasjúkdóma (akút {\"o}ndunarbilun ofan á  króníska {\"o}ndunarbilun)}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ARDS} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Einkenni} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
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% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Andnauð, ÖT+24, blámi, breyting á meðvitund, hræðsla, v{\"o}ðvaspenna, hósti, þriggja punkta staða}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Hjúkrunargreiningar} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 17
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1) Ófullnægjandi hreinsun loftvega & Lífsmarkamæling. Súrefnisgj{\"o}f. Meta hósta, uppgang og þ{\"o}rf fyrir s{\"o}gun. Niðurstaða rannsókna, fræðsla um {\"o}ndunaræfingar, berkjuvíkkandi lyf, hagræðing og kvíðastilling. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 10)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
2. Ófullnægjandi loftskipti & Súrefnismeðferð, meta {\"o}ndun, taka og meta blóðg{\"o}s, {\"o}ndunarvél, einkenni uppsafnaðs co2, kenna {\"o}ndunaræfingar og lyfjagj{\"o}f \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 7)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3) Hætta á v{\"o}kvaskorti & Tryggja v{\"o}kvainntekt, meta v{\"o}kvatap, reikna v{\"o}kvajafnvlgi og obs einkenni hjartabilunar og þurrks \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
4) Ófullnægjandi næring: & Fylgjast með næringarinntekt, gefa næringatryggir, litlar en fleiri máltíðir, íhuga feedingsondu og v{\"o}kvagj{\"o}f í æð \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bráð {\"o}ndunarbilun (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
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5) Skert athafnaþrek & Hvíld, svefn, hreyfing. Forðast áreynslu í veiku ástandi, hreyfa sig við bætt ástand. Semi fowler, snúa sjúklingi, setjast á rúmstokk, fara í stól. Mobilisering. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
6) Skortur á þekkingu & Fræðsla til sjúklings og aðstandeda. Fræðsla um sýklalyfjagj{\"o}f, einkenni, bataferli. Um þreytu og úthaldleysi, \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Meðferð}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Súrefnisgj{\"o}f} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Súrefnisgjafaleiðir} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{O2}} & (í n{\"o}s/maski/rakamaski) \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{BiPAP ytri {\"o}ndunarvél }} & (21 – 100\% O2) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Highflow tæki }} & (20 – 100 \% O2) (hypoxisk  {\"o}ndunarbilun) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ífarandi {\"o}ndunarvél}} & (21 – 100\% O2) (endotracheal  túba - gj{\"o}rgæslumeðferð) \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
Lyfjameðferð & Berkjuvíkkandi lyf (ventolin, atrovent) og sterar \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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% Row 31
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ytri {\"o}ndunarvélameðferð}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 32
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Markmið & Leiðrétta sýrustig og  \seqsplit{koltvísýringsgildi} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ábending & pH \textless{} 7,35 mmHg og PCO2 \textgreater{}45  mmHg (samfara bráðri versnun á langvinnri  lungnateppu). Andar sjálfur/opinn  {\"o}ndunarvegur \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{HJÚKRUN SJÚKLINGA Í YTRI ÖNDUNARVÉL (BiPAP)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fræðsla & Tilgang meðferðar, hugsanleg óþægindi, nákvæmt eftirlit \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
Verkþættir & Lega sjúklings, lyfta grímu, mýkjandi krem, munnhirða, tannburstun, munnhreinsun, skráning \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eftirlit & Lífsm{\"o}rk, st{\"o}ðug mæling SaO2, blóðg{\"o}s, leki meðfram grímu \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Langvinnir lungnasjúkdómar}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Sjúkdómar þar sem er skerðing á loftflæði í lungum}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
COPD & Reykingar, óbeinar reykingar  og loftmengun \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Astmi} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lungnaháþrýstingur} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{COPD}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
COPD & Airflow obstruction + emphysema \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Lungnateppa} & Langvinn berkjubólga + Lungnaþemba \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Langvinn berkjubólga lýsir sér sem bólga  í berkjum vegna langvarandi ertingar. Í lungnaþembu hafa orðið skemmdir á lungnabl{\"o}ðrum. Vegna bólgu þá renna þær saman,  stækka og veggir þeirra missa teygjanleika sinn.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{GOLD –STIGUN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Gold stig 1 & Mild (mild) - FEV₁ ≥ 80\% (af áætluðu gildi). (FEV₁ (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second)) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Gold stig 2 & Meðal (moderate) - FEV₁ 50 - 80\% \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Gold stig 3 & Mikil (severe) - FEV₁ 30 - 80\% \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Gold stig 4 & Mj{\"o}g mikil (very severe) - FEV₁ \textless{}30\% \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Kæfisvefn}}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Orsakir:} & Offita, þrengsli í nefi, stórir hálskirtlar og aðrir þættir \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Langvinnir lungnasjúkdómar (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Einkenni:} & Öndunarhlé, órólegur svefn, hrotur, nætursviti, dagsyfja, h{\"o}fuðverkur, kvíði og þunglyndi  og einbeitingarskortur \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upplýsingas{\"o}fnun og líkamsmat}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Saga}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Reykingar & Reykt í +20 ár \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Saga um {\"o}ndunarfæravandamál & Tíðar lungnabólgur, hósti á næturnar, ný áreynslumæði, endalaus uppgangur \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Verkir & Verkir í síðu, verkir milli herðablaða, verkir í brjósti \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Atvinnusaga/mengun í umhverfi & Vann í álverinu, st{\"o}ðva kerleka \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Aðrir sjúkdómar & Astmi \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Áfengi/slævandi lyf & Ópíóðar \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Skoða}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Almennt yfirbragð & Mæði, f{\"o}lur, meðvitundarástand, litarháttur,  húð, varir, slímhúðir, súrefnismettun, húðhiti, púls, æðateikningar,  þandar hálsæðar, bjúgur \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Öndun & tíðni, dýpt, mynstur, hreyfingar  brjóstkassa, {\"o}ndunarhreyfingar, notkun  hjálparv{\"o}ðva \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upplýsingas{\"o}fnun og líkamsmat (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Líkamsbygging & L{\"o}gun brjóstkassa /samhverfa. Rifbein, brjóstbein (pectus excavatum, pectum carnitum), tunnubrjóstkassi, {\"o}r \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Hreyfifærni & Líkamsbeyting og einkenni þreytu \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Skoða ýmis einkenni einkenni} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Súrefnisskortur & Clubbing, þandar bláæðar, blámi, f{\"o}lvi og bjúgur \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Öndunarefiðleikar & Þriggja punkta {\"o}ndun, hjálparv{\"o}ðvaar \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Þreifa}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Þreifa brjóstkassa} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Trachea í miðlínu & Pneumothorax, fyrirferðaraukning í brjóstholi + tension pneumothorax \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Titringur (fremitus) & Aukning: lungnabólga, absess. Minnkun: Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, emphysema \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Crepitus - Loft í subcutant  vef & eftir cvk ísetningu, thoraxdren og sýkingu \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Athuga þangeta lungna (T9 og T10) & Ósamhverfa: Vandamál í pleura, atelectasa, lungnabólga, áverki á brjóstkassa og pneumothorax \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upplýsingas{\"o}fnun og líkamsmat (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Banka}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
Leiðni hljóðs & Flatness, fullness, resonance, hyperresonance og tympany \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Banka út þindarbil & {\emph{Banka út þind í hámarksinn{\"o}ndun og merkja og síðan tæma lungun og banka aftur og merkja og  mæla bilið}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lungnahlustun}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Hlusta frá ca. C7 til T10 á baki og lateralt frá axilla  niður að 7-8 rifi}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Óeðlileg {\"o}ndunarhljóð} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Brak (Crackles, rales): & Fínt og gróft. Orsakir brakhljóðs geta verið slím/v{\"o}kvas{\"o}fnun í lungum s.s. vegna lungnabólgu eða við lungnabjúg og fibrosu í  lungum \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
Wheeze (Önghljóð) & Orsakast af þrengingu loftvega (t.d. berkjuspasma). \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rhonci (slímhljóð) & Ors{\"o}k er slíms{\"o}fnun  í {\"o}ndunarvegum \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
Pleural rub (núningshljóð fleiðrumar) & Gróf og marrandi núningshljóð við {\"o}ndunarhreyfingar einstaklings með  bólgusjúkdóm í fleiðru. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Upplýsingas{\"o}fnun og líkamsmat (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lengd út{\"o}ndun & {\emph{Lengd út{\"o}ndun bendir til aukinnar mótst{\"o}ðu loftflæðis. Annars vegar vegna þrenginga í berkjum í langvinnri  berkjubólgu. Hins vegar vegna samfalls á smáum loftvegum þannig að loft lokast inni í lungnabl{\"o}ðrunum í lungnaþembu.}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 13)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Eðlileg {\"o}ndunarhljóð} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Vesicular & Heyrist um allan lungnavef. Inn{\"o}ndun. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
Bronchial & Sternum. Við inn{\"o}ndun \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bronchcovesicular & Í miðjunni. Jafn lengi út og inn. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hjúkrunarmeðferð LLT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Langvinn lungnateppa  LLT/COPD} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Veldur skaða á {\"o}ndunarfærum sem er  óafturkræfur - einkennist af teppu í lungum  sem ekki er að fullu afturkræf eftir gj{\"o}f  berkjuvíkkandi lyfja}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Greining}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Öndunarmæling spirometria & {\emph{Mælir starfsemi lungna}}. \seqsplit{Fráblásturhlutfall/1} sek(FEV1) og heildarrúmmáls (FVC) eftir berkjuvíkkandi lyf \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Saga og einkenni frá {\"o}ndunarfærum & {\emph{Sjúkdómurinn greinist oft seint og geta einkenni  þróast á l{\"o}ngum tima}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Langveikir lungnasjúklingar- hjúkrunaráætlun} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Hjúkrun & {\"o}ndunarerfiðleikar - mæði - létta {\"o}ndun/æfingar/slímlosun \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Reykleysi & aðstoð við reykleysi /lyaagj{\"o}f /samtalsmeðferð \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Lyfjanotkun & Fylgjast með að sjúklingar noti lyfin sín rétt \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Næring & Fylgjast með næringarástandi - gera viðeigandi ráðstafanir \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hjúkrunarmeðferð LLT (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fræðsla & Fræðsla til sjúklings og aðstandenda \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Endurhæfing & Jafnvægi á milli hreyfingar og hvíldar \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Stuðningur & við langveika lungnasjúklinga \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Einkennameðferð}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} Hjúkrunarmeðferð við andþyngslum} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Andlegur stuðningur}} & Róa sjúkling, vera rólegur, viðurkenna upplifun, fylla {\"o}ryggisþarfir, aðst{\"o}ða við {\"o}ndunaræfingar, skapa ró, fjarlægja áreiti \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Líkamlegur stuðningur}} & Eftirlit með {\"o}ndunarfærum, gefa berkjuvíkkandi, bólgueyðandi lyf og súrefni. Hvetja hóstun. Hjálpa sjúkling í semi fowler. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Matskvarðar} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{mMRC} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{ESAS í S{\"o}gu} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{CAT} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Öndunaræfingar} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Kviðar{\"o}ndun - stýrð {\"o}ndun & Opnar upp loftvegi í lungum, eykur slímlsoun og eykur súrefnismatn í blóðinu. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hjúkrunarmeðferð LLT (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mótst{\"o}ðu{\"o}ndun & Góð leið til að ná t{\"o}kum á mæði og slakar á háls og axlarv{\"o}ðvum. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Slímlosun} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Drekka vel, nota berkjuvíkkandi inn{\"o}ndunarlyf og hreyfing. }}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Þindar{\"o}ndun með eða án pep dlautu 10-20 sinnum} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Hóstatækni 1-3 sinnum} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Hósta ef slím er laust.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Lyfjanotkun} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
Innúðalyf & Berkjuvíkkandi og bólgueyðandi \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Súrefni} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Sterar} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sýklalyf & Margir þurfa að taka sýklalyf  vegna tíðar sýkinga \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Lyfjameðferð getur dregið úr  einkennum sjúkdómsins,  minnkað bólgu, bætt {\"o}ndun og  aukið lífsgæði einstaklinganna}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fræðsla & Fara yfir tækni og {\"o}ndunarkraft, leggja áherslu á reglubundna notkun. Margir þurfa aðstoð og kunna ekki að nota lyfin \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}Tegundir lyfja} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hjúkrunarmeðferð LLT (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Loftúði/ friðarpípa}} & Lyf/NaCl gefin til  inn{\"o}ndunar í fljótandi  formi, rakaúði myndast í  loftknúnu kerfi. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Berkjuvíkkandi lyf}} & Gefin vegna sjúklegra  þrenginga (teppu) í  lungnaberkjum. Fljótvirk berkjuvíkkandi lyf: ventolin og atrovent. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Saltvatnsloftúði}} & Slímlosandi. Má gefa isotoniskt (0,9\% NaCl) eða  hypertoniskt (3\% – 5\% NaCL) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{Criteria fyrir innl{\"o}gn COPD sjúklinga }}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1) Severe COPD symptoms & increase in shortness of breath and increased frequency of exacerbation \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
2 ) Development of new complications: & pulmonary hypertension, carbon dioxide retention (reduced  alertness), haemodynamic instability or arrhythmia \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 6)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3) Inadequate outpatient treatment expected & advanced age, failed initial medical or outpatient  management and insufficient home support \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skilgreiningar}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Apnea}} & St{\"o}ðvun {\"o}ndunnar \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Dyspnea}} & Shortness of breath – andstuttur \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Tachypnea}} & Óeðlilega hr{\"o}ð {\"o}ndun/mæði \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Bradypnea}} & Hæg {\"o}ndun \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hypoxemia}} & Súrefnisskortur/lágt súrefni í blóði \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Hypoxia}} & Skert súrefnisframboð til vefja; sbr. hypoxískur skaði í heila eftir hjartastopp \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Hemoptysis}} & Spýtir blóði \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Cyanosa}} & Blámi \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Orthopnea}} & Erfitt að liggja vegna mæði \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Obstructuve sleep apnea}} & Andar ekki v/fyrirst{\"o}ðu í efri {\"o}ndunarvegi þegar sefur \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Aspiration}} & Ásvelging s.s. aspirations \seqsplit{lungnabólga/ásvelgingar} lungnabólga \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Atelectasis}} & Lokun eða samfall á lungnabl{\"o}ðru. Orsakir: Grunn {\"o}ndun (skurðaðgerð), fyllt af slími (lungnabólga), þrýstingur á lungnabl{\"o}ðrur (æxlisv{\"o}xtur); obstructive atelectasis \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skilgreiningar (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pleural effusion}} & Sams{\"o}fnun v{\"o}kva í pleura/pleural space; einnig er talað um pleural v{\"o}kva \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Empyema}} & Sýking/gr{\"o}ftur í pleural space \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}