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\author{jjanana (djjang2)}
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  /Title (risk-management-foundation.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jjanana (djjang2))
  /Subject (Risk Management Foundation Cheat Sheet)
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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Risk Management Foundation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jjanana (djjang2)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/130831/cs/26176/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jjanana (djjang2) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/djjang2} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 20th January, 2021.\\
   Updated 20th January, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RISK MANAGEMENT}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/djjang2_1611128057_risk management.jpg}}} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (RMF)}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Risk management framework is the basic structure of integrating the risk management process throughout the organization.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{All companies face risk; Without risk, there is no reward. The flip side of this is that too much risk can lead to business failure. Risk management allows a balance to be struck between taking risks and reducing them.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Effective risk management can add value to any organization.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Well-run companies will have a comprehensive risk management framework in place to identify existing and potential risks and assess how to deal with them if they arise.} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Effective Framework consists of: Risk Identification, Measurement, Mitigation, Reporting \& Monitoring, and Governance} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Management Approach}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Scan the Environment}} - Evaluates how each risk management process aligns w/ Org's overall objective. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Performs review of internal \& external environment}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Identify Risks}} - Orgs. perform risk assessment to discover risks. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Its not possible to identify all risks, but the Org. must identify key \& emerging risks that may prevent the Org. from meeting its objectives}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Analyze Risks}} - Loss exposures are analyzed by estimating the significance of the possible losses previously identified. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Applies the {\bf{risk criteria}} to determine the source, cause, liklihood, and potential consequences of the risk}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Treat Risks}} - Risk treatment options used to reduce the level of risk or exploit positive risks. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Compares the level of risk from the {\bf{risk criteria}} analysis}}} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Monitor \& Review}} - Ensure it's achieving expected results and revise to accomodate changes in loss exposures. \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Data produced during this step helps risk managers show the importance of managing risk at every level of the Org.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BENEFITS OF RISK MANAGEMENT}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Tolerable Uncertainty}}: Provides awareness of potential losses \& assurance of their effective management.\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Keeping the worry of accidental loss at a tolerable level.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reduces Downside Risk}}: Every type of business or speculative risk involves downside risk (incl. losses \& failures) \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Threshold limits reduce downside risks.}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Earning Stability}}: Some Orgs. seek to maintain level earnings from year to year. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Requires exact forecasting of fluctuations in asset values, liability values, and risk management costs.}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Anticipate \& Recognize Emerging Risks}}: Risks with the biggest upside or downside are those the Org. doesn't anticipate. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Must monitor for emerging internal/external risks.}}} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Business Continuity}}: Major goal for private entities/Essential goal for public entities.\{\{nl\}\}\{\{fa-bookmark\}\}{\bf{To avoid interrupting operations for an unacceptable amount of time, Risk Managers should:}}\{\{nl\}\} - Identify those specific activities for which continuity is essential.\{\{nl\}\}- Determine the risks that could interrupt those activities and manage those risks appropriately.} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Profitability \& Growth}}: Orgs. seek to maintain at least a min. profit level \& maintain a predetermined growth pattern.\{\{nl\}\}\{\{fa-bookmark\}\}{\bf{Organizations meet these goals through:}}\{\{nl\}\}- Strategic risk taking\{\{nl\}\}- Identification \& management of cross-enterprise risks\{\{nl\}\}- Improved capital allocation} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 7)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{BENEFITS OF RISK MANAGEMENT (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Legal \& Regulatory Compliance}}: Satisfy legal obligations based on - the standard of care owed to others; Contracts; and Laws \& regulations} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Social Responsibility}}: Minimize the effected loss on society through risk management programs.\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{For moral reasons \& for good public relations}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reduced Cost of Risk}}: Org. maintains its normal activities but with fewer and less severe accidental losses.} \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reduce Deterrence Effects}}: Fear of future losses makes management less willing to take on activities they consider risky and deprives the Org. of the potential benefits from those activities.} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COST OF RISK}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cost of Risk}} - The total cost incurred by an organization b/c of the possibility of accidental loss.} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cost of Losses}}: \{\{nl\}\} Direct: inflicted by the peril itself. \{\{nl\}\} Indirect: suffered as a consequence of the direct loss.} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cost of Loss Control}}: People; Processes; Equipment} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cost of Loss Financing}}: Ins premiums or expenses incurred for non-insurance indemnity} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cost of Risk Mgmt Administration}}: \{\{nl\}\}Small Company - Risk Mgr \{\{nl\}\} Larger Company - RM Staff, or also broker/agent} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Financial Consequences of Risk}}: \{\{nl\}\}1. Expected Cost of Losses or Gains - {\emph{Normally incl. direct loss costs w/ indirect costs; entire effect of losses is significantly greater than the direct losses themselves}} \{\{nl\}\}2. Expenditures on risk mgmt \{\{nl\}\}3. Cost of residual uncertainty - {\emph{The degree of risk that is still after individuals or orgs implement their RM programs}} \{\{nl\}\} - For indivs, cost of residual uncertainty may incl things like lost salary or forgone investment opportunities. \{\{nl\}\}- For Orgs, cost of residual uncertainty incl the effect that uncertainty on consumers, investors, and suppliers.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 13)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Costs that affect Expected Loss Costs:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Hidden costs that affect an org's Expected Loss Costs calculation:}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Costs Related to Time}}: \{\{nl\}\} - Time lost by the injured employee \{\{nl\}\}- Time lost by other employees who stop work \{\{nl\}\}- Time lost by foremen, supervisors, or other execs \{\{nl\}\}- Time spent by first-aid attendants \& hospital staff (when not paid by the insurer)} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Costs Related to Damage}}:\{\{nl\}\}- Dmg to machine, tools, or other property or the spoilage of material} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Financial Costs}}: \{\{nl\}\}- Interference w/ production, failure to fill orders on time, loss of bonuses, payment of forfeits, \& other similar causes of loss \{\{nl\}\}- Continuation of injured EE's wages after the employee returns to work even if the employee's svcs may temporarily be worth less than normal value \{\{nl\}\}- Loss of profit on injured employee's productivity \& idle machines\{\{nl\}\}- Lost productivity b/c of EE's excitement or weakened morale resulting from the accident\{\{nl\}\}- Overhead per injured employee} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 11)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{COMMON RISK CLASSIFICATIONS}}  \tn
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Pure Risk & Speculative Risk \tn 
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Subjective Risk & Objective Risk \tn 
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Diversifiable Risk & Nondiversifiable Risk \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
(4) Quadrants of Risk: & Hazard, Operational, Financial, Strategic \tn 
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Insurable Risks: & Pure risks, Objective risks, and Diversifiable risks. \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PURE \& SPECULATIVE RISKS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Pure Risks}} \{\{nl\}\} - Chance of loss or no loss; no chance of gain \{\{nl\}\} - Insurable} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Speculative Risks}} \{\{nl\}\} - Chance of loss, no loss, or gain \{\{nl\}\}- Investment Risks: {\emph{Inflation, Market, Financial, Interest Rate, and Liquidity Risks}} \{\{nl\}\}- Business Risks: {\emph{Price risk \& Credit risk}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Insurance deals mainly with risks of loss, not risks of gain; so Pure risks as opposed to Speculative risks.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OBJECTIVE \& SUBJECTIVE RISKS}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Objective Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}- Measurable variations of uncertain outcomes based on facts \& data. \{\{nl\}\}- Insurable} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Subjective Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}- Based on individual's or Org's opinions \{\{nl\}\}- differs from Objective risks b/c of: {\emph{Familiarity \& Control; Severity over Frequency; and Risk Awareness}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Assessment of risks differ due to: \{\{nl\}\}1. {\bf{Familiarity \& Control}}: people tend to underestimate familiar risks and overestimate dramatic, unfamiliar risk. \{\{nl\}\}2. {\bf{Severity over Frequency}}: people tend to assign a probability of 0 to low frequency events such as natural disasters, murder, accidents. But tend to overestimate low frequency events if they have personally been exposed to previously or the events gets increased media cov. \{\{nl\}\}3. {\bf{Risk Awareness}}: people who are not aware of risks will underestimate the likelihood of loss, an org's risk mgmt efforts become more effective as the entity's subjective interpretation of risk becomes closer to its objective risks.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 14)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DIVERSIFIABLE \& NONDIVERSIFIABLE RISKS}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Diversifiable Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}- Affects only some individuals, businesses, or small groups.\{\{nl\}\}- Nonsystematic risks or Specific risks \{\{nl\}\}- Can be managed by spreading the risk (diversification) \{\{nl\}\}- Not highly correlated - occurs randomly; Can be managed thru diversification or spread of risk. \{\{nl\}\}ex) Building fire, Care theft, Auto accident} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Nondiversifiable Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}- Affects large segments of society at the same time.\{\{nl\}\}- Systematic risks and Fundamental risks\{\{nl\}\}- Generally not privately insurable \{\{nl\}\}- Correlated \{\{nl\}\}ex) inflation, unemployment, EQ, Flood, hurricanes} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Private Insurers tends to concentrate on Diversifiable risks; Gov't Insurers is suitable for Nondiversifiable risks} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{QUADRANTS OF RISK}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Hazard Risk}}\{\{nl\}\}Pure risks arising from property, liability, or personnel loss exposures. {\emph{Traditionally addressed by Insurance}} \{\{nl\}\}ex) Fire, Flood, Theft, Auto Accidents, Employee Accidents} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Operational Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}Pure risks associated w/ an Org's processes, systems, \&/or controls.\{\{nl\}\}ex) Risks arising from compliance issues, legal issues, and software tools.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Financial Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}Speculative risks associated with an Org's financial activities.\{\{nl\}\}*Market Risk, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Price Risk \{\{nl\}\}ex) Managing foreign exchange transactions; Investing in Assets} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Strategic Risks}}\{\{nl\}\}Speculative risks arising from an Org's long term goals and management decisions.\{\{nl\}\}ex) Creating new products for a new market.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Speculative Risks in Investments}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Inflation Risk}}: Associated with the loss of purchasing power b/c of an overall increase in the economy's price level.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Market Risk}}: Associated w/ fluctuations in prices of financial securities, such as stocks \& bonds.} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Interest-Rate Risk}}: Associated w/ a security's future value due to changes in interest rates.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Liquidity Risk}}: Associated w/ not being able to liquidate an investment easily and at a reasonable price.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Financial Risk}}: Associated w/ the ownership of securities in a company having large amt of debt on its balance sheet. *If the company defaults on its debt obligations, its creditors might force it into bankruptcy.} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Business Risk}}: Associated w/ the fluctuation in company's earnings \& its ability to pay dividends \& interest.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{RISK MEASURES}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Exposure}} - Any condition that presents a possibility of gain or loss, whether or not an actual loss occurs. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Provides a measure of the max potential dmg associated with an occurrence.}}\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{if risk is nondiversifiable, the risk increases as exposure increases.}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Volatility}} - Indicates how much and how quickly the value of an investment, market, or market sector changes. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{refers to the frequent fluctuations, such as fluctuations in the price of an asset.}}} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Likelihood}} - A quantitative estimate of the certainty with which the outcome of a specific event can be predicted.\{\{nl\}\}{\emph{refers to the chance that a given outcome will occur}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Consequences}} - Measures the degree to which an occurrence could positively or negatively affect the organization.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Time Horizon}} - Refers to the estimated duration of the risk. \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{The longer the time horizon, the greater the risk.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Correlation}} - Relationship btwn variables. \{\{nl\}\}{\emph{Similar risks are usually highly correlated.}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Higher the correlation, the higher the risk.}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Should be applied to the Org's overall risk portfolio}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}