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% Document Info
\author{Diana D (dianadavis)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (phys157-engines.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Diana D (dianadavis))
  /Subject (PHYS157 - Engines Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{PHYS157 - Engines Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Diana D (dianadavis)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/134628/cs/34945/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Diana D (dianadavis) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/dianadavis} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 26th October, 2022.\\
   Updated 26th October, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Heat Engines}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Heat Engine:}} any device that transforms heat partly into work or mechanical energy \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
{\bf{Working Substance:}} a quantity of matter within the engine that undergoes inflow/outflow of heat, expansion/compression, and sometimes phase change \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
- Simplest kinds of heat engines undergo a cyclic process \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
All heat engines absorb heat from a source at relatively high temps, preform some mechanical work and then discard/reject heat at a lower temp \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
{\emph{Hot reservoir:}} AKA heat source and can give working substance large amounts of heat w/o changing its own temp \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 3)
- Example: in steam-turbine engine, flames and hot gasses \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2)
{\emph{Cold reservoir:}} can absorb large amounts of heat at constant temp \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
- Example: in steam-turbine engine, cold water \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 1)
Thermal efficiency (e) = W/Qh -\textgreater{} net work/heat absorbed% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Q=W and ΔU=0 \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
W=|Qh|-|Qc| \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
e=W/Qh \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
e=1+(Qc/Qh)% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Internal Combustion Engines {[}Gasoline Engines{]}}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cycle of a 4-Stroke Internal Combustion Engine:}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
1. {\bf{Intake stroke:}} pistons moves down causing partial vacuum, intake valve opens and gasoline-air mixture moves in, exhaust valve is closed \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
2. {\bf{Compression Stroke:}} intake valve closes and piston moves up to compress mixture \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
3. {\bf{Ignition:}} spark plugs ignite mixture and both valves remain closed \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
4. {\bf{Power Stroke:}} hot, burned mixture expands, pushing piston down \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
5. {\bf{Exhaust Stroke:}} exhaust valve opens and piston moves up, expelling exhaust% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Compression Ratio}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Compression Ratio (r):}} volume when piston is down (max) / volume when piston is up (min) \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
The volume when the piston is up and at its minimum is denoted V, the volume when the piston is down and at its maximum is denoted Vr \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
Typically between 8-10% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diesel Engine}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Very similar to a gasoline engine except no fuel in the cylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Injectors start to inject fuel just fast enough to keep the pressure approximately constant during the first part of the power stroke, because of the high temp developed during compression the fuel spontaneously ignites; therefore, there are no spark plugs% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Refrigerator}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Refrigerators are like heat engines operating in reverse, they {\emph{require a net input of mechanical work}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
{\bf{Qc \textgreater{} 0}} and {\bf{W, Qh \textless{} 0}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
{\bf{|Qh| = Qc + |W|}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Refrigerators have a coefficient of performance denoted by K (similar to efficiency of an engine) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
{\bf{K = |Qc| / |W|}} or {\bf{K = |Qc| = (|Qh| - |Qc|)}} \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
K can also be calculated by taking the heat removed (H) and dividing it by the power input (P) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
{\bf{Heat Pump:}} reverse refrigerator, takes heat from outside air to heat buildings% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}