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% Document Info
\author{Diana D (dianadavis)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (biology-20-circulatory-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Diana D (dianadavis))
  /Subject (Biology 20: Circulatory System Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Biology 20: Circulatory System Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Diana D (dianadavis)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/134628/cs/27854/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Diana D (dianadavis) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/dianadavis} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 6th May, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions of the Circulatory System}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Carries nutrients (O2) to cells} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Takes waste away from cells} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Distributes heat throughout the body} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Regulates levels of body fluids} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sends chemicals messengers to different parts of the body (hormones)} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Defends against foreign organisms} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Blood Vessels}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Arteries}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & The muscular-walled tubes by which blood (mainly oxygenated) is delivered from the heart to all parts of the body, {\emph{high pressure vessels}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Arterioles}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Small arteries that lead into capillaries, {\emph{still have high pressure but not as much as arteries}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Capillaries}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Composed of a single layer of cells, ideal for fluid and gas exchange \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Venules}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Small veins that lead from capillaries, {\emph{low pressure}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
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{\bf{Veins}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Vessels that carry mainly deoxygenated blood to the heart that have a larger diameter than arteries, {\emph{low pressure vessels}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arteries}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/dianadavis_1620229571_Cross Section of Artery.jpeg}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Arteries carry blood away from the heart \newline Most arteries carry oxygenated blood ({\bf{except the pulmonary artery that goes from heart to lungs}}) \newline They have thick walls with 3 layers: \newline {\bf{Inner and outer walls:}} connective tissue \newline {\bf{Middle layers:}} made of muscle fibres and elastic connective tissue \newline The walls {\bf{stretch}} with every heart contraction and {\bf{recoil}} after the blood has passed through}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arterioles \& Venules}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arterioles:}} \newline - Middle layer is smooth muscle and elastic fibre \newline - Pressure is still high but less than arteries \newline - {\emph{The diameter is controlled by the autonomic nervous system}}, messages from the ANS can cause {\bf{vasoconstriction}} or {\bf{vasodilation}} \newline - Pre-capillary sphincters regulate blood flow, so not all arterioles are open at any given time \newline  \newline {\bf{Venules:}} \newline - Lined with smooth muscle, but not 3 layers (like seen in arteries) \newline - Not enough blood pressure to return blood to heart}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Veins}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Mainly carry deoxygenated blood ({\bf{exception of the pulmonary vein which brings blood from the lungs to the heart}}) \newline - Blood pressure in the veins is much lower than in the arteries {\bf{therefore, veins are lined with valves to prevent backflow}} \newline - If blood pools, the vein will swell in front of the valve \newline - Blood moves through veins as the vein is squeezed by {\emph{skeletal muscles}} \newline - Act as blood reservoirs (65\% of total blood volume can be found in the veins)}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Composed of a single layer of cells \newline - Small diameter, slows the flow of red blood cells \newline - Thin wall ideal for gas and fluid exchange \newline - Due to high surface area, the pressure drops significantly \newline - 85\% of fluid returns to capillaries (remaining 15\% returns via lymph)}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arteriosclerosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Arteriosclerosis:}} a group of disorders that cause the blood vessels to thicken, harden, and lose elasticity} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atherosclerosis:}} a degeneration of blood vessels caused by the accumulation of fat deposits in the inner wall} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Caused by a lipid build-up along with calcium and other minerals to form a plaque} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Leads to high blood pressure, if this forms a blood clot and it breaks off, it can cause a heart attack} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aneurysm}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Aneurysm:}} a bulge in the weakened wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Often due to atherosclerosis} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If an aneurysm bursts, less oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the tissues, resulting in cell death} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stroke:}} aneurysm in the brain} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pulse \& The Control of Blood Flow}}  \tn
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{\bf{Pulse}} & When the ventricle contracts, blood surges forward into arteries, when a pulse if felt, it is the artery expanding and contracting \tn 
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{\bf{Decreasing Blood Flow}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Smooth muscles on arterial walls contract to decrease blood volume and pressure \tn 
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{\bf{Capillary Blood Flow}} \{\{nobreak\}\} & Precapillary sphincters close off to limit blood volume and pressure in capillaries \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Through-fare channels are always open to allow blood flow}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}