\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{{[}deleted{]}} \pdfinfo{ /Title (values-check.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author ({[}deleted{]}) /Subject (Values Check Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Values Check Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{{[}deleted{]}} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/80765/cs/19420/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}{[}deleted{]} \\ \uline{cheatography.com/deleted-80765} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 21st April, 2019.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Checklist}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Start with midtones and paint everything with them.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the atmosphere is bright, then the objects should be bright. If the atmosphere is overcast, then the objects are all close to midtone.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Three or five values in big, harmonious shapes (notan). Squint to see them.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Low-contrast details close in value to that of the big shape for a ghost-like quality to emphasize the big, simplified shapes.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Higher value contrast for subject.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Low-contrast for awkward areas.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Low-contrast for interior areas unless they're focal points.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Group objects into one, low-contrast shape.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Promote contrast with reverse-gradation.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Different values for surface, walls, and ceiling.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Brightest area might not be the focal point.} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Hard edges can be in the b.g. if they are low-contrast.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Soft edges can be in the f.g. if they are high-contrast.} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Different local values for different object types.} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The more intense the lighting, the darker the shadow.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Low-key lighting occupies the lower end of the value scale; high-key occupies the upper end; mid-key occupies the middle grays; full scale has the most contrast and occupies the full range (not necessarily all the values). A dark environment is always low-key and low-contrast.} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Checklist (cont)}} \tn % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Dusk and dawn have the same values.} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A tense scene might use a full-scale key, while an ominous scene might use a low-key.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Keep the light halftone short to avoid mud.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Bounce lighting cannot be as bright as the light halftone or highlight unless there is a secondary light source.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 3) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Values darken at the turning planes, including those that turn toward shadows and/or the environment.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cast shadows are not opaque, but you can make them so as long as the values are correct.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Freshen your eyes every 20 mintues.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Texture will affect the value ratio: cotton is absorbent, so it lacks the highlights of chrome.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Metals have greater contrast than diffuse surfaces.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Do not use modeling factors where they wouldn't be discernible in real life.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Avoid dark values in nostrils and ear sockets, else they will draw the viewer's attention.} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Form light is beside and above the subject and promotes form. Front light is airy but lacks shadow shapes. Top light provides a god-like quality. Side-lighting is dramatic. Rim lighting is behind and above the subject and is edgy and hip. Backlighting creates a silhouette and even more monsterous than bottom-lighting. Usually, it's best to use multiple lights, with one stronger and closer than the others.} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 9) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Checklist (cont)}} \tn % Row 28 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There should be a cast shadow for each direct light source.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{With enough light or a really white room, there will be little or no shadows. Likewise with overcast skies.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If there are particles or humidity in the air, light rays will reflect them. It'll look like a cone of light.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Create the form shadows in the early stages.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Do not use dark shadows on a white (or near-white) object. Use midtones or lighter.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There should be more detail in areas hit by light.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Sunlight is stronger than moonlight. The moon receives light from the sun, so the environment receives, at best, secondary lighting from the moon. The sun is a star, but it /appears/ brighter than the others stars (even though it is smaller than many of them) because it is so much closer to us. Don't paint what you know; paint what you see.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 8) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{On most specular highlights, there is a darker highlight around the brightest bright (unless it's on metal or shiny plastic). There is also darker texture in the highlight if the object has texture.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The size of bounce lighting is determined by the size of the object bouncing the light. If the bounce lighting is big enough, the core shadow will be thinner.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Either expose for the shadows or for the light. If for the shadows, the values of the shadows are raised to allow for more detail, and the light area will be blown out.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Underplanes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There is no difference in underplanes of the same column (and that column is in shadow) if there is no ground or a dark ground.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There /is/ a difference in underplanes of /different/ columns, even if there is no ground or a dark ground.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The bottom underplanes are brighter than the top underplanes of the same column if there is a light ground. Middle underplanes notwithstanding.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Angles to the light source of underplanes of the same column does not affect their values.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When light bounces from the ground {\emph{and}} a wall, bottom underplanes are still brighter than top underplanes.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Multiple bounce planes of different values require simple math and logic: the darker the bounce plane, the less bounce lighting it will produce.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The closer underplanes are to the light source (and in different columns from one another), the brighter they are, even if the underplane that is farther from the light source is receiving more bounce lighting.} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Front Planes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In shadow, there is little difference in planes of the same column. In light, there is a big difference between top planes and bottom planes.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If a front plane is closer to the light source, but facing a dark bounce plane, it will have a lower value than a front plane that is farther from the light source but also farther from the dark bounce plane.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Top Planes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A top plane that is closer to the light source on the local Y-axis is brighter than a top plane that is farther from the light source on the same axis, even if the farther plane is closer to the light source on the Z-axis.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A long body of water is brighter close to the horizon because it is closer to the sun. It should be less bright closer to the viewer.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cast Shadows}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the local value of the receiving surface is the same as the local value of the casting object, then the cast shadow will be the same value as the form shadow of the casting object.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the local value of the receiving surface is of a darker value than the local value of the casting object, then the cast shadow will be darker than the form shadow of the casting object.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the local value of the receiving surface is of a lighter value than the local value of the casting object, then the cast shadow will be lighter than the form shadow of the casting object.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Regardless of the rules, if a plane is hit by cast shadow, then it will be darker than it otherwise would be from direct or ambient lighting.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The brighter and more overhead the light source, the harder and darker the cast shadows, but if the casting object is far from the receiving surface or farther from the light, the cast shadows will be softer and lighter.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If there are particles or humidity in the air, cast shadows will show it. It'll look like a cone of shadow.} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cast shadows mimic the shape of the receiving surface.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cast shadows do not differentiate between objects; they are all just one object as far as shadows are concerned, so there is only one cast shadow for them all.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If multiple objects are in different locations, they're cast shadows will build up where and if they overlap. Overlapping cast shadows help to build unity between the objects.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cast Shadows (cont)}} \tn % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the object casting a shadow is reflective, the cast shadow can be reflected onto the shadow plane of the casting object.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If you have a hard light, the terminator of a sphere is going to be sharper. The light and dark halftones are still soft.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ambient Occlusion}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ambient occlusion is not the entire shadow; it is the /darkest/ part of the shadow.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Direct lighting is stronger than ambient lighting because once direct lighting bounces, it becomes ambient lighting and loses strength with each bounce.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Ambient lighting brightens the part of the shadows that are occluded from direct light.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{There are degrees of ambient occlusion: darkest close to the object, and lighter where the ambient lighting starts to reach it. The lightest part of the cast shadow is where it is most exposed to ambient lighting.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The farther the casting object from the receiving surface, the less occlusion you have because ambient lighting is able to reach that area.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Overcast skies will produce ambient lighting everywhere, and thus low contrast along the midtones of the value scale.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Outdoors, ambient occlusion is directly beneath the object because the ambient lighting is coming from everywhere (the part that's skewed away from the object is the cast shadow). Indoors, AO can be skewed because the ambient lighting is funneled through a window at an angle.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The AO is where you lose edges.} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{If the entire object is in shadow, it still has AO. Unless the environment is pitch black, there will be AO.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}