\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{{[}deleted{]}} \pdfinfo{ /Title (electrolysis-gcse-chemistry.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author ({[}deleted{]}) /Subject (Electrolysis - GCSE Chemistry Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{8D2F94} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F2F8} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Electrolysis - GCSE Chemistry Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{{[}deleted{]}} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/56036/cs/15100/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}{[}deleted{]} \\ \uline{cheatography.com/deleted-56036} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 13th March, 2018.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.16 cm} x{3.84 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metal Ores}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Haematite}} & Iron (Fe2O3) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Bauxite}} & Aluminium \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{What are metal ores}}? \newline Naturally occurring compounds containing high percentages of specific metals. Desirable metals are extracted from ore.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Methods of Metal Extraction}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Depending on a metal's reactivity, different methods of extraction are used. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) If the metal is {\bf{less reactive than carbon}}, then a reduction reaction (involving carbon) is used. This works because the carbon forms compounds more readily, so it 'steals' the oxygen (similar to {\bf{displacement}} reactions). An example of this is iron, which is extracted using a blast furnace. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 6) If the metal is {\bf{more reactive than carbon}}, electrolysis must be used, as the metal's compounds are very stable. An example of this is aluminium extraction.% Row Count 12 (+ 4) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aluminium Extraction}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. {\bf{Bauxite}} is purified to produce pure aluminium oxide (Al2O3). \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2) 2. The aluminium oxide is dissolved in {\bf{cryolite}} (another aluminium ore). This introduces impurities, reducing the melting temperature of the mixture to 900\textasciicircum{}°C\textasciicircum{}. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4) 3. The aluminium oxide is melted. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1) 4. When a current is passed through it, the positive Al\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} ions are attracted to the {\bf{cathode}} (negative electrode), where they gain electrons. This is {\bf{reduction}}. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4) 5. The negative O\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{} electrons are attracted to the {\bf{anode}} (positive electrons), where they lose electrons and form oxygen or carbon dioxide. This is {\bf{oxidation}}. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4) Half equations: \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1) ~ ~ Al\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} + 3e\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} Al \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2) ~ ~ 2O\textasciicircum{}2-\textasciicircum{} \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} O2 + 4e\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{}% Row Count 19 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{▪Electrolysis is possible because the molten aluminium oxide contains free electrons, allowing it to conduct electricity. \newline ▪ The electrodes are made of graphite because it is a good conductor. \newline ▪The anode must be replace regularly because it wears down through reactions with oxygen.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iron Extraction}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reducing iron ore to iron}}: \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1) 1. Hot air is added to the blast furnace, as this makes the coke burn faster and elevates the temperature to around 1500\textasciicircum{}°C\textasciicircum{}. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 3) 2. The coke burns and produces carbon dioxide. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1) ~ C + O2 \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} CO2 \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1) 3. The carbon dioxide reacts with any unburnt coke. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2) ~ CO2 + C \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} 2CO \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1) 4. The carbon monoxide reduces the iron ore to iron. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2) ~ 3CO + Fe2O3 \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} 3CO2 + 2Fe \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1) {\bf{Purifying the resulting iron}}: \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1) The main impurity is silicon dioxide (sand). \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1) 1. Limestone is thermally decomposed into calcium oxide. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 2) ~ CaCO3 \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} CaO + CO2 \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 1) 2. Calcium oxide reacts with silicon dioxide to form slag. \newline % Row Count 19 (+ 2) ~ CaO + SiO2 \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} CaSiO3% Row Count 20 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{▪Coke is almost pure carbon. \newline ▪Slag is used in road building and fertilisers.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}