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\pdfinfo{
  /Title (7-1-earth-s-climate-system.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author ({[}deleted{]})
  /Subject (7.1: Earth's Climate System Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{7.1: Earth's Climate System Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{{[}deleted{]}} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/48005/cs/14317/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}{[}deleted{]} \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/deleted-48005} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 15th January, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Earth's Climate System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atmosphere:}} A layer of gases that surrounds a planet or moon} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Climate:}} The characteristic pattern of weather conditions within a region, including temperature, wind velocity, precipitation, and other features, averaged over a long period of time} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The atmosphere regulates temperature on Earth} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Weather}} describes the condition of the atmosphere (wind, temperature, moisture) at a specific place at a specific time} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Atmosphere and Climate}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Greenhouse effect:}} The natural warming caused when gases in the Earth's atmosphere absorb thermal energy that is radiated by the Sun and Earth} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The greenhouse effect helps keep temperature fluctuations within a certain range} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Winds}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Wind}} is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Begins as a result of uneven heating on the Earth's surface} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The movement of wind affects ocean currents and therefore transfers thermal energy} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Winds blow in fairly constant directions called; these air currents are called {\emph{prevailing winds}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When air masses interact, one air mass is usually pushed above the other → this air mass cools and condenses to form precipitation} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Jet streams}} are high altitude winds that travel long distances at high speeds → may carry warm, moist air and create precipitation or vise-versa} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human Activity and Climate}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Climate change is at least partially {\emph{anthropogenic}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Anthropogenic:}} Relating to or resulting from the influence of humans} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\emph{Industrial Revolution}} led to an increased use of fossil fuels} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The burning of fossil fuels leads to the release of gases and other pollutants which affect the greenhouse effect} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Earth and the Sun}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Energy from the Sun is the most important factor that affects climate on Earth} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The intensity of the energy that reaches Earth affects the temperature of the air, water, and land → temperature produces winds, rains, and other features} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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% Row Count 6 (+ 0)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Changes in Solar Activity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Irregular fluctuations occur in the amount of radiation produced} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A sunspot cycle occurs every 11 years → these variations differ by 0.1\%} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Changes in Earth's Rotation, Orbit, and Tilt}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Throughout its orbit, Earth remains in the same orbital plane} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Earth's orbit, tilt, and rotation vary cyclically → these variations change the amount and location of solar radiation; produces changes in climate} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Eccentricity}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Earth's orbit cycles between circular and elliptical over a period of 100000 years} \tn 
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% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Due to the gravitational influence of other planets} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There is less variation in the amount of radiation the Earth receives in a circular orbit than an elliptical one} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 14
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Affects the length and intensity of seasons} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 15
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tilt}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 16
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Earth's axis of rotation is tilted about 23.5° from its orbital plane} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Angle of tilt varies by 2.4° between 22.1° and 24.5° over a period of 41000 years} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Earth and the Sun (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The greater the tilt, the greater the temperature difference between summer and winter} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 19
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Wobble}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 20
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Known as {\emph{precession}} - varies cyclically over 26000 years} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Affects the amount and intensity of solar energy received by the northern and southern hemispheres at different times} \tn 
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% Row 22
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Latitude}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Climates differ due to the angle that the Sun's rays hit the Earth's surface} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The concentration of solar energy is greater at lower latitudes than higher ones} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Hydrosphere and Climate}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Hydrosphere:}} The collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of Earth in the form of liquid water, ice, and water vapour} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Water transfers heat around the planet} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Oceans and Lakes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Large bodies of water have a large {\emph{specific heat capacity}} → the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by a degree celsius} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A large quantity of energy is needed to raise the temperature of water compared to land → the temperature of large bodies of water changes slowly and by smaller amounts} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ice and Snow}}} \tn 
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% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Snow and ice reflect solar radiation due to their light colour → they have high {\emph{albedo}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Albedo:}} The fraction of incident light or electromagnetic radiation that is reflected by the surface of an object} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fresh snow can reflect 80\%-90\% of incident light} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The distribution of ice, water, and land greater affects the average global temperature} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Tectonic Plates and Climate}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Earth's outer layer is composed of 12 major {\emph{tectonic plates}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The changing distribution of land and water affects air and water circulations patterns and the transfer of thermal energy} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Tectonic plate:}} A piece of Earth's lithosphere that moves slowly on the asthenosphere} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The formation of mountains affect wind and precipitation patterns} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Volcanic Eruptions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Volcanic eruptions spew {\emph{aerosols}} into the atmosphere} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Aerosols reflect solar radiation → have a cooling effect on the global climate} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{May last from a few years to a decade; lasts until the particles are removed from the atmosphere by precipitation and settling} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some types of volcanic eruptions may release greenhouse gases} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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