\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{{[}deleted{]}}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (algorithm-igcse.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author ({[}deleted{]})
  /Subject (Algorithm IGCSE Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{1C5C8C}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F4F7}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Algorithm IGCSE Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{{[}deleted{]}} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/131013/cs/26251/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}{[}deleted{]} \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/deleted-131013} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 22nd January, 2021.\\
   Updated 22nd January, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.38896 cm} x{2.58804 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Types \& Structures}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
INTEGER (whole numbers) & 1, 2, 45, 231, -2, -213 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
REAL (decimal numbers) & 1.23, 938.232312, -23.233 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
STRING (words or sentences) & "Hello World", "123 bipbop" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
CHARACTER (one character or alphabet) & 'A', 'b', 'Y', 'o', '1', '8', 'd \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
BOOLEAN (true or false) & TRUE, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
ARRAY (many words or numbers) & {[}"Hi", "me not smart", 174, 23, "12 bipbop", -1234{]} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Rules: \newline {\bf{INT}} and {\bf{REAL}} are typed as numbers only  \newline {\bf{STR}} must be in double quotation marks i.e. "Hello"  \newline {\bf{CHAR}} must be in single quotation marks i.e. 'H' \newline {\bf{BOOL}} must be in either TRUE or FALSE \newline {\bf{Array}} can be assigned to variables and must be inside braces. i.e. names = {[}"Andy", "Cindy", "Bobby"{]}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.87657 cm} x{1.09848 cm} x{1.60195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators (Arithmetic)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Operators & Examples & It Will Give \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
+ (plus) & 5 + 5 & 10 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- (minus) & 8 - 3 & 5 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
* (multiply) & 6*2 & 12 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
/ (divide) & 8/4 & 2 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciicircum{} (power) & 2\textasciicircum{}3 & 8 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DIV (dividend) & 12 DIV 5 & 2 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
MOD (modulo) & 10 MOD 5 & 0 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Note: MOD will give you the remainder of the number}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.58344 cm} x{1.39356 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators (Assignment)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Operators & Examples \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{} (greater than sign) & 100 \textgreater{} 5 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{} (lesser than sign) & 60 \textless{} 150 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textless{}\textgreater{} (not equal sign) & 7 \textless{}\textgreater{} 25 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
= (equal sign) & 12 = 12 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The \textgreater{}= operator means greater than or equal to \newline The \textless{}= operator means lesser than or equal to}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Operators (boolean)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Operators & Examples \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
AND & TRUE AND TRUE = TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
OR & TRUE OR FALSE = TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
NOT & NOT FALSE = TRUE \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Boolean Operators are also called Logical Operators. AND means conjunction, OR means disjunction, NOT means negation}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The FOR Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{FOR LOOP}}  \newline {\emph{Use a FOR loop when you know how many times it'll run}}      \newline      \newline {\bf{The syntax:}} \newline FOR variable = something to something \newline     do something \newline NEXT \newline  \newline {\bf{The example:}} \newline FOR number = 1 to 3: \newline     PRINT number \newline NEXT} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Running this on raptor/ other engines will output: \newline 1 \newline 2 \newline 3}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{REPEAT Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{THE REPEAT LOOP}} \newline {\emph{Use a REPEAT loop when you know how many times it'll run}}       \newline  \newline {\bf{The syntax:}} \newline REPEAT  \newline     do something \newline UNTIL something \newline  \newline {\bf{The example:}} \newline number = 1 \newline REPEAT \newline     PRINT number \newline     number = number + 1 \newline UNTIL number = 3} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Running this on raptor/ other engines will output: \newline 1 \newline 2 \newline 3}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{WHILE Loop}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{THE WHILE LOOP}} \newline {\emph{Use WHILE loop when you don't know how many times it'll run}}       \newline  \newline {\bf{The syntax:}} \newline WHILE something DO \newline     do something \newline ENDWHILE \newline  \newline {\bf{The example:}} \newline number = 1 \newline WHILE number \textless{} 3 DO \newline     PRINT number \newline     number = number + 1 \newline ENDWHILE} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If you put this in raptor/other engines they will output: \newline 1 \newline 2 \newline 3}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Writing An Algorithm Example}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You are tasked to find out what is the 16\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} number in the Fibonacci sequence, how do you do it?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}`fib\_0 = 0`\{\{nl\}\}`fib\_1 = 1`\{\{nl\}\}`find\_num = 16`\{\{nl\}\}`FOR i = 0 to find\_num`\{\{nl\}\}`\textasciicircum{}\_\_\_ \textasciicircum{} fib\_2 = fib\_0 + fib\_1`\{\{nl\}\}`\textasciicircum{}\_\_\_ \textasciicircum{}fib\_0 = fib\_1`\{\{nl\}\}`\textasciicircum{}\_\_\_ \textasciicircum{}fib\_1 = fib\_2`\{\{nl\}\}`PRINT "The 16\textasciicircum{}th\textasciicircum{} number is: ", fib\_2`} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Answer of Output = 987} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fibonacci Sequence is a sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones. For example: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conditional Statements (IF)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Syntax:}} \newline IF condition \newline     THEN do something \newline     ELSE do something else \newline ENDIF \newline  \newline {\bf{Example:}} \newline khaisar\_height = 100  \newline IF khaisar\_height \textless{} 120  \newline     THEN PRINT "Please enter the kids room" \newline     ELSE PRINT "Please enter the teenagers room" \newline ENDIF} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Description:}} \newline Conditional Statements are IF statements. The IF statement check if a condition is TRUE or FALSE. \newline  \newline In the English language, we say:  \newline If you come to the party, I'll buy one pizza. \newline  \newline In the computer language. We say it like this: \newline IF answer = "YES" THEN pizza = 1 ENDIF \newline As simple as that!}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extended IF statement}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IF grade \textgreater{} 90 AND behavior \textgreater{} 80 \newline     THEN PRINT "Excellent" \newline ELIF grade \textgreater{} 80 AND behavior \textgreater{} 70 \newline     THEN PRINT "Well Done" \newline ELIF grade \textgreater{} 70 AND behavior \textgreater{} 60 \newline     THEN PRINT "Good Job" \newline ELSE PRINT "Improvement is needed!" \newline ENDIF} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{IF and ELIF (else if) are used for a choice between several different values. You can either use ELIF or CASE, it is up to you.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CASE OF}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Syntax:}} \newline CASE ... OF \newline     something \newline     OTHERWISE something \newline ENDCASE \newline  \newline {\bf{Example:}} \newline CASE grade OF \newline     'A' : PRINT "Excellent" \newline     'B' : PRINT "Well Done" \newline     'C' : PRINT "Good Job" \newline     'D' : PRINT "Do Better" \newline     'F' : PRINT "Find Another Answer" \newline     OTHERWISE PRINT "Improve next time" \newline ENDCASE} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CASE is another conditional statement that is use for several different values}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The syntax:}} \newline  \newline FUNCTION \seqsplit{do\_something(Parameters)} \newline     statements \newline     RETURN something \newline END PROCEDURE \newline  \newline {\bf{Example:}} \newline  \newline FUNCTION \seqsplit{count\_pizza\_slices(number\_of\_pizza)} \newline     \seqsplit{number\_of\_pizza\_slices} = 0 \newline     \seqsplit{number\_of\_pizza\_slices} = number\_of\_pizza * 8 \newline     RETURN \seqsplit{number\_of\_pizza\_slices} \newline END PROCEDURE} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Running this on a engine/idle: \newline count\_pizza\_slices(5) \newline  \newline Output: \newline 40}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}