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% Document Info
\author{dejamarie2k}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (gemstones-exam-1.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (dejamarie2k)
  /Subject (Gemstones Exam 1 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Gemstones Exam 1 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{dejamarie2k} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/93823/cs/20668/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}dejamarie2k \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/dejamarie2k} \\
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 6th October, 2019.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.432 cm} x{1.9 cm} x{3.268 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Major Minerals}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
GEMSTONE & CRYSTAL STRUCTURE & ORGIN \& HISTORY \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Beryl}} \seqsplit{Be`3`Al`2`Si`6`O`18`} & Hexagonal (6-sided) &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Diamond}} C & Cubic \seqsplit{(Octahedral)} & JKJ \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Feldspar}} AlSi`3`O`8` & Triclinic or \seqsplit{Monoclinic} &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Garnet}} \seqsplit{X`3`Y`2`(SiO`4`)`3`} & \seqsplit{Dodecahedron} \seqsplit{(12-sided)} & From "gernet;" Middle English: "dark red" \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Gold} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Platinum} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Quartz} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Silver} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Topaz} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Tourmaline} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Minor Gems}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{5 Criteria for Minerals}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Naturally Occurring}}: the mineral has to be formed due to natural processes.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Solid}} at room temperature.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Defined Chemical Formula}}: follows a proscribed chemical formula within certain exceptions.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Crystalline}}: must possess a repeating crystal lattice.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Inorganic}}: must be produced abiogenetically.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{General History of Human Evolution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Paleolithic}}: Appearance of "true" humans (neanderthals), tool usage, and first jewelry.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Neolithic}}: New stone age and first agriculture.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Chalcolithic}}: Copper Age \& Beginning of metallurgy.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EXAM QUESTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Feldspar has...} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Two directions of cleavage.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This gemstone has been described as the most colorful gemstone due to its wide range of potential colors and the fact that some gems are multicolored.} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Tourmaline}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In the mineral with the chemical formula Al`2`SiO`4`(F, OH), where is the water stored?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{In hydroxyl groups.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Which of the following gemstones is a cut rock?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Lapis Lazuli}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Which of the following particles define the atomic number of an element?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Protons}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{At which of the following tectonic boundaries would you be most likely to find silver?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Divergent}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{You have a magma composed only of Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Aluminum (Al), Silicon (Si), and Oxygen (O). What feldspar varieties would you expect to form?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{KAlSi`3`O`8` and CaAl`2`Si`2`O`8`}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mohs Hardness Scale}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/dejamarie2k_1570330591_Mohs_Scale2_1.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gem Anatomy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/dejamarie2k_1570328152_Anatomy of a Gem.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cleavage}}: Plane of preferred parting along a crystal lattice.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Convection}}: "The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat."} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Convergent Plate Boundaries}}: Collisional boundaries; two plates get pushed together. The denser plate (which is usually the (oldest) oceanic plate) gets pushed under. Volatiles come up to help melt the rock and magma creates mountains.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Cut Rock}}: Rocks are solid masses of minerals or mineraloids.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Divergent Plate Boundaries}}: Two plates moving away from each other and they are stretched out. The plates get thinner through time. Some of the magma can then get through and then fill the gaps which creates new crusts.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Exsolution}}: The process of ordered unmixing of immiscible liquids during crystal formation.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Felsics}}: (Silica and Feldspar) Formed in continental crust; light and low density; not subducted, usually floats.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Igneous}}: Rocks which form from molten material (i.e. freeze from liquid rock).} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Immiscible}}: Unable to be mixed.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Index Mineral}}: Marks stage in metamorphism, extent of pressure (i.e. Garnet).} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Indicator Mineral}}: Associated with something that's really rare (i.e. Garnet \& Diamonds).} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Intrusive}}: Igneous rock, cools slowly (i.e. Granite).} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Isostasy}}: The equilibrium between an object and the fluid in which it is suspended (less dense = float higher, more dense = float lower).} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Mafic}}: (Magnesium and Iron) Darker-colored, denser, thinner material that is formed from oceanic crust.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Metamorphic}}: Rocks which form from re-crystallization at high temperatures and pressures (not melting).} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Mineral}}: "A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence" (specific category/chemical structure).} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Molecule}}: Atoms bonded together as the smallest chemical unit.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Native Element}}: Naturally occur in an uncombined elemental form with its own mineral structure.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Organic Material}}: Formed from living organisms (i.e. Amber).} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Orogeny}}: Mountain building event, thickening of crust.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{pH}}: The measure of the "power" of hydrogen in a solution.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Sedimentary}}: Cold rock processes which involve breaking up existing rocks or biologic processes.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Silicon Tetrahedral}}: A "silicon atom with four surrounding oxygen atoms arranged to define the corners of a tetrahedron (SiO`4`). "} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Slab Pull}}: "Slab pull is the pulling force exerted by a cold, dense oceanic plate plunging into the mantle due to its own weight."} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Terms (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Subduction}}: "The sideways and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate."} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Twinning}}: Symmetrical growth of two crystals from the same lattice point.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Ultramafic}}: Mafic with less silica (darker and denser than mafic)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Unit Cell}}: How you conceptualize dividing up a gem. How can you recreate it in a 3D space. Find a common feature. Does it allow you to pick it up and put it anywhere on the same dimension.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Volatiles}}: Molecules which can be readily vaporized.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}