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\author{deejayy}
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  /Title (clep-social-sciences-and-history.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (deejayy)
  /Subject (CLEP Social Sciences and History Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{CLEP Social Sciences and History Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{deejayy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/110823/cs/21599/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}deejayy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/deejayy} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 20th January, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US History: 1500 - 1680}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1513: Juan Ponce De Leon, a Spanish explorer, arrived in Florida searching for the fountain of youth} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1521: Ponce de Leon was killed by Native American Calusa} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, a Spanish Explorer, search current day Southwest US for gold} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1597: Guale Indians destroyed various Spanish Missions set up in the Southwest} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1610: Spain established their first permanent settlement in Santa Fe, New Mexico} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1680: 2000 Native Americans, united under leader Pope, rebelled against Spanish settlers and killed 400 of them} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US History: 17th cent. Colonization}}  \tn
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Jamestown/ Chesapeake Colony & Massachusetts Bay Colony \tn 
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1607: Jamestown, VA founded as 1st English colony; founded by Virginia Co. as money making project & 1620: Massachusetts Bay Colony founded \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1610: Harsh winter killed many colonists aka "The Starving Time" & Mass. Bay - comprised of uber- protestants AND pilgrims \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
1612: Powhatan, Native Chief, est. trade with Jamestown and John Smith; trading food, crops and fur for guns, iron and tools & Pilgrims seeking asylum create and sign the Mayflower Compact \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1618: Virginia Co. offered Headright System: 50 acres of land for each person a settler paid to bring over (cue indentured servants) & Squanto, a Native American, gave the pilgrims food and resources to survive \tn 
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% Row 5
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1619: 1st shipment of African slaves arrived in VA & 1629: Cambridge Agreement - stated Mass Bay board Members would live in the US not Britain \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US History: 17th cent. Colonization (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
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1622: Indian Rebellion against the English Settlers for encroaching on land & Mass. Colony began buying land, eventually RI, from Natives WITH strings attached; they needed to submit to English Authority \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
1624: 200,000 pounds of tobacco produced each year & 1637: The Pequot War - Conflict with English and Natives began in Mass.; massacred 500 pequot natives \tn 
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% Row 8
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1632: Maryland founded as 2nd Chesapeake Colony granted to Cecilus Calvert & 1640: the first slaves arrive in Massachusetts \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
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1644: Another Native Uprising failed so remaining 2000 Natives signed treaty to consign themselves to reservations in West Virgninia & 1675: King Philips War/Metacom's War - Natives launched attack on New England (Natives lost) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 7)
% Row 10
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Virginia Company became the Royal Company & 1691 - Pilgrims colony was absorbed by Mass. Bay colony \tn 
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New Amsterdam & Pennsylvania \tn 
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1624: Dutch bought Manhattan from Natives and established New Amsterdam & 1681: Pennsylvania land was given to William Penn by Charles II \tn 
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it was founded by businessmen and was a commercial venture & Penn wanted a safe place for quakers to live; they strongly opposed slavery \tn 
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Jews and Quakers were welcomes, Natives were pushed out. Women could own property & 1737: Pennsylvanian colonists got the "walking purchase" \tn 
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1664: English took over the colony from the Dutch; changing New Amsterdam to New York & Natives agreed to cede land bound by the distance a man could walk in 36 hours \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1663: King Charles II gave 8 proprietors the right to colonize North of Florida (still held by Spanish)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1686: King James II consolidated CT, Plymouth, MA, NH, RI, NY and East/West Jersey into {\bf{The Dominion}} ruled by NY Gov. Edmund Andros} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1688: The Glorious Revolution - reversed The Dominion and colonies reasserted independence} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1690: English Toleration Act - all protestants could worship freely in the colonies} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1691: Salem Witch Trials began ( killing 14 people)} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1754- 1763: {\bf{ AKA French and Indian War}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Began due to trade relations between french fur traders, colonists and native americans} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{British believed in {\bf{Mercantalism}} - where govt regulates economy to increase national power} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Britian was involved in the {\emph{triangular trade}} - exchange of slaves, tobacco, raw sugar and finished goods between Britain, Colonies and Africa} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1754: George Washington led Brits in attack on French Territory in W. Penn. and was a fail} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1755: Another unsuccessful Brit attack on Fort Duquesne; French and Natives killed 2/3 of Brit forces} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1755-57: Brits continued to lose but got control of part of Nova Scotia} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1759: Brits captured Fort Duquesne, Ticonderoga, and Louisberg} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1760: Brits beat French near Quebec and Montreal fell} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1763: Treaty of Paris ended the war} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Forms of Government}}  \tn
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Monarchy & single family rules for generations, sovereignty is embodied by 1 person; Absolute Monarchy means ruler has complete rule of government; Constitutional Monarchy where ruler has figurehead power with support of other govt \tn 
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Oligarchy & small group of individuals rule; characterized by tyrannical, authoritarian rule with little democratic say \tn 
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Democracy & people are given direct role in choosing their leadership; fair representation with little to no unchecked power or authority \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Anarchy & absence of government; no regulations or central governing system \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Totalitarianism} & authoritarian form of government; usually single ruler without limitations, backed by widespread propaganda; usually has surveillance, controls mass media, intimidating police force and suppressing subjects \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Gov. - Branches of Government}}  \tn
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Executive Branch & elected President; execute the laws; reelected every 4 years \tn 
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Legislative Branch & House of Representatives \& Senate; makes the laws; 435 HoR reelected every 2 years; 100 Senators reelected every 6 years \tn 
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Judical Branch & Supreme Court; upholds the laws; nominated by President agreed on by Senate; serve life terms \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Each were designed to check and balance one another; Legislative Branch has the most power of the 3}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Gov - Executive Branch}}  \tn
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Lincoln (16th Pres) & Lead during Civil War; abolished slavery with Emancipation Proclamation; saw division and reunion of USA \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Washington (1st Pres) & 1st unanimously elected president; great economic management, \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
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FDR (32nd Pres) & Served more than 2 terms; Created New Deal to end the Great Depression; Intn'l relations in WWII \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{white}
T. Roosevelt (26th Pres) & Promoted Conservation; Saw Panama Canal built; Created Food Safety laws, Square Deal; Monroe Doctrine upheld \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eisenhower (34th Pres) & founded NASA; created Interstate Highway program \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
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Truman (33rd Pres) & took over when FDR died in office; led Country through end of WWII \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
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Jefferson (3rd Pres) & Anti-Federalist; believed in power of the people; expanded US with Louisiana Purchase \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
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JFK (35th Pres) & youngest President; led country out of recession; Cuban Missle Crisis; New Frontier Project; Initiated CIvil Rights Acts \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Gov - Executive Branch (cont)}}  \tn
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Reagan (40th Pres) & Reaganomics; Tax cuts and Tax Revision acts; Cold War \tn 
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Johnson (36th Pres) & passed Medicare and Medicaid programs, passed Civil Right Act of 1964; Voting Rights Act in 1965 \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Most Notable Presidents and associated accomplishments}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Gov. - Court Cases}}  \tn
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Marbury vs. Madison (1803) & estabilshed that Supreme Court has right to declare laws unconstitutional (judicial review); defined boundary between executive and judicial branches \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
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McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819) & established implied power that the Fed. gov. has over the states gov. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Brown vs. Board of Ed (1954) & separate but equal deemed unconstitutional; desegregated schools \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Gideon vs. Wainwright (1963) & all have a right to an attorney even if they cant afford one; \tn 
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Miranda vs. Arizona (1966) & police need to advise people of their rights before questioning \tn 
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Loving vs. Virginia (1967) & invalidated laws outlawing interracial marriage \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
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Roe vs. Wade (1973) & right to privacy under 14th amendment to have an abortion \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{US Gov. - Important Terms}}  \tn
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cloture & motion to end a debate in Senate; 60 votes needed \tn 
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ex post facto & law that decrees something illegal that happened before the law was passed; \tn 
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filibuster & senate tactic; a senator in the minority on a bill talks excessively on the floor until majority backs down and bill is killed \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{gerrymandering} & redistricting neighborhoods to benefit the political party in charge; used by both political parties \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
habeas corpus & the right to be brought before a judge;cant be unlawfully detained \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
horizontal federalism & how state governments relate to one another \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
interest group & organization of people with common interest working together to influence the government \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
iron triangle & alliance of groups with interest in a policy area; Bureaucrats from an agency; interest groups affected; legislatures from appropriate committees \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
logrolling & where 2 or more members in congress agree to support each others bills \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ancient Civs Indus River Valley}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3000 BCE - 1750 BCE} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Near Modern Day India; along the Indus River which flooded predictably 2x a year} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Floods made river banks farmable land with silt deposits; major cities:Harappa and Mohenjo Daro} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{centralized drainage systems in the cities, using gravity to pull waste away} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{public baths were central features, traded seals (with emblems), cotton cloth, and bronze} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{peaceful with no weapons recovered, declined possibly due to conquests, disaster, or earthquake} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ancient Civs Mesopotamia}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5500 BCE - 2000 BCE} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Along the Tigrus and Euphrades Rivers; fertile crescent} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{territorial kingdom, Main cities: Uruk, Sumer, Babylon; built on and used slave labor} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{built Ziggurats (temples) and wrote in cuneiform; over time focus shift from temples to palaces and from gods to people} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Around 2000 BCE Mesopotamia declined into a set of city-states} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Hammurabi ruled Babylon from 1792 BCE- 1750 BCE; instituted strict laws under Hammurabi's code} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Babylon eventually was conquered by the Kassities and then the Assyrians (notably violent)} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{911 BCE: Neo-Assyrian Empire grew from main cities of Ashur and Nineveh; spread to all of Mesopotamia, E. Coast of Mediterranean and Egypt (680 BCE)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{612 BCE: Nineveh conquered and fell} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ancient Civis Egypt}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{3000 BCE - 332 BCE} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Along the Nile River, regular and predictable flooding patterns with a calm current; able to use basin irrigation systems; traded timber and gold} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2649-2152: Old Kingdom Egypt; pyramids built by slaves and poor (2575-2465 BCE); Ra the sun god worshipped, Pharoahs ruled as demigods; 2 types of writing: Hieroglyphics and demotic} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{2040-1640: Middle Kingdom; Pharoahs from Nubia, Ammun was god eventually merged with Ra to become Ammun-Ra; Egypt conquered by many during this time including Hyksos (eventually expelled)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1550-1070: New Kingdom; military expansion like empire; expanded with military feats and trade; conflicts with Assyrians, Persians, Romans and Alex the Great} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.44186 cm} x{1.99114 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economics - Economic Activities}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Primary Economic Activities & type of operation extracting or refining natural resources; mining, agriculture, forestry, or fishing \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Secondary Economic Activities & processing raw materials; timber into furniture, iron-ore into steel, factories with input and output \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tertiary Economic Activities & service industry or retail sector; tourism, media, clerical services, insurance, banking, law, and health care \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economics - Terminology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
marginal utility & used to determine how much of an item consumers are willing to purchase; buying a candy bar to satisfy a sweet tooth and having a second candy bar but not enjoying it as much as the 1st shows decreased marginal utility \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
total utility & the total amount of satisfaction or fullfillment a consumer gets from consuming a product or service \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
supply curve & how products and prices relate to one another in the amount they cost, the amount they are needed (demand) and the amount available (supply) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
shift right in supply curves & more sellers = more supply, technology that increases production efficiency \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
shift left in supply curves & cost of resources increases = lower supply; expectation of increased prices = temporary decrease in supply to increase demand \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.40753 cm} x{2.02547 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economics - Terminology (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
equilibrium price & where supply and demand curves intersect; prices are stable; if 1000 tops are manufactured and sold at 2 dollars and 1000 people are willing to buy at the \$2 price it is the equilibrium price \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}