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% Document Info
\author{Dave Child (DaveChild)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (php8-what-s-new-in-php8.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Dave Child (DaveChild))
  /Subject (PHP8 - What's New In PHP8? Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{PHP8 - What's New In PHP8? Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Dave Child (DaveChild)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/1/cs/27364/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Dave Child (DaveChild) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/davechild} \\
        \uline{\seqsplit{aloneonahill}.com}
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 31st March, 2021.\\
   Updated 31st March, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PHP8 Variable Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Class/interface} name & An instance of the class or interface \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
self & The same class the type is used in \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
parent & The parent of the class the type is used in \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
callable & Something callable \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
bool & A boolean \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
int & An integer \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
float & A float \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
string & A string \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
array & An array \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
iterable & Array or traversable \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
object & An object \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
mixed & Any value \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Return Types}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
void & Function will not return anything \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
static & Function may return `static` \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4177 cm} p{1.37841 cm} p{0.91894 cm} x{1.46195 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{New `mixed` type}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Mixed means any one of:} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & array & bool & callable \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & string & int & resource \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & float & null & object \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Note that because `mixed` already contains `null`, it is not nullable itself.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Return static}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{class Foo \newline \{ \newline     public function test(): static \newline     \{ \newline         return new static(); \newline     \} \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Static is now a valid return type.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The nullsafe operator (copy)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\$foo = \$bar-\textgreater{}getBaz()?-\textgreater{}asFormatted();} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Quickly check for nulls in method returns.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Union types}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{public function foo(Foo|Bar \$input): int|float;} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You can now specify more than one type in a type hint: \newline • The `void` type cannot be part of a union. \newline • Unions can be nullable by including `null` as a type or preceding with a question mark.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Named arguments}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{function foo(string \$a, int \$b, ?string \$c = null) \newline \{ \newline     ... \newline \} \newline  \newline foo( \newline     c: 'value c', \newline     a: 'value a' \newline );} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pass values to functions and methods by name, regardless of the order in which they are defined.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Attributes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{use App\textbackslash{}Attributes\textbackslash{}ExampleAttribute; \newline  \newline \#{[}ExampleAttribute{]} \newline class Foo \newline \{ \newline     \#{[}ExampleAttribute{]} \newline     public const FOO = 'foo'; \newline   \newline     \#{[}ExampleAttribute{]} \newline     public \$x; \newline   \newline     \#{[}ExampleAttribute{]} \newline     public function foo(\#{[}ExampleAttribute{]} \$bar) \{ \} \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Structured metadata}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Match expression}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\$result = match(\$input) \{ \newline     0 =\textgreater{} "hello", \newline     '1', '2', '3' =\textgreater{} "world", \newline \};} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Switch statements made simple. Note, the comparisons made by `match` use strict types.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constructor property promotion}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{class Money  \newline \{ \newline     public function \_\_construct( \newline         public Currency \$currency, \newline         public int \$amount, \newline     ) \{\} \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In the above example `Currency` and `int` are both automatically made public properties of the class and assigned values on construction.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Weak maps}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{class Foo  \newline \{ \newline     private WeakMap \$cache; \newline   \newline     public function \seqsplit{getSomethingWithCaching(object} \$obj): object \newline     \{ \newline         return \$this-\textgreater{}cache{[}\$obj{]} \newline            ??= \$this-\textgreater{}computeSomethingExpensive(\$obj); \newline     \} \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A weak map allows for storage of key-value pairs, but the PHP garbage collection will drop a weak map element where the only reference to it is the weak map itself.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Throw expression}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\$triggerError = fn () =\textgreater{} throw new MyError(); \newline \$foo = \$bar{[}'offset'{]} ?? throw new CustomEx('offset');} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Throw is now an expression instead of a statement, making it more flexible.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non-capturing catches}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{try \{ \newline     // Something goes wrong \newline \} catch (MySpecialException) \{ \newline     Log::error("Something went wrong"); \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When you catch exceptions and throwables, you no longer need a variable.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{::class on objects}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\$foo = new Foo(); \newline var\_dump(\$foo::class);} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Works the same as `get\_class()`.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Trailing comma in parameter lists}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{public function( \newline     string \$parameterA, \newline     int \$parameterB, \newline     Foo \$objectfoo, \newline ) \{ \newline     // … \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You can now end a parameter list with a comma without an error.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Create DateTime objects from interfaces}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{DateTime::createFromInterface(DateTimeInterface} \$other); \newline DateTimeImmutable::createFromInterface(DateTimeInterface \$other);} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{New Stringable interface}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{class Foo \newline \{ \newline     public function \_\_toString(): string \newline     \{ \newline         return 'foo'; \newline     \} \newline \} \newline  \newline function bar(string|Stringable \$stringable) \{ /{\emph{ … }}/ \} \newline  \newline bar(new Foo()); \newline bar('abc');} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.43873 cm} x{2.53827 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{New functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`str\_contains('haystack'}, 'needle')` & Does haystack contain needle? \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`str\_starts\_with('haystack'}, 'needle')` & Does haystack start with needle? \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{`str\_ends\_with('haystack'}, 'needle')` & Does haystack end with needle? \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
`fdiv()` & Handles division by zero without an error. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
`get\_debug\_type()` & Like `gettype()` but with more detail \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{`get\_resource\_id()`} & Fetch the numeric ID of a resource \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Breaking Changes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Internal errors and engine warnings have been made consistent and/or reclassified.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The `@` operator no longer silences fatal errors.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The default error reporting level is now `E\_ALL`.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The default PDO error mode is no longer silent.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Concatenation precedence has changed - addition now precedes concatenation.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Namespaces can now include reserved names.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{`ReflectionFunction::isDisabled()`}, \seqsplit{`ReflectionParameter::getClass()`} and \seqsplit{`ReflectionParameter::isCallable()`} have been deprecated.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are more breaking and engine changes, this list is limited to those you are most likely to encounter. For a full run-down, check out Brent's article linked below.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{With Thanks}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This is a condensed version of the excellent PHP8 write-up you can find by \{\{link="https://stitcher.io/blog/new-in-php-8"\}\}Brent at stitcher.io\{\{/link\}\}% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}