\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
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\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
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\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{datamansam}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (database-concepts.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (datamansam)
  /Subject (DataBase Concepts Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
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% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{DataBase Concepts Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{datamansam} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/139410/cs/29820/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}datamansam \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/datamansam} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th November, 2021.\\
   Updated 28th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DDL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{TABLE}} & {\bf{COLUMN}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Creation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CREATE TABLE table\_name & ALTER TABLE table\_name \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
column\_name1,                                               data\_type(size), column\_name2 data\_type(size), column\_name3 data\_type(size), & ADD column\_name datatype \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Renaming}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
RENAME old\_table\_name & ALTER TABLE table\_name \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
TO new\_table\_name; & RENAME old\_column\_name TO \seqsplit{new\_\_column\_name;} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Deleting}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DROP TABLE Table\_Name & ALTER TABLE Table\_Name DROP COLUMN column\_name; \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DML}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ADDING ROWS}} & {\bf{DELETING ROWS}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
INSERT INTO table\_name (column1, column2, column3, ...) & DELETE FROM table\_name \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...); & WHERE condition ({\emph{eg , column2 = value2,}}; \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{UPDATING ROWS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
UPDATE table\_name SET column1 = value1 & , column2 = value2, ... WHERE condition; \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Wildcard Pattern Matching}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
SELECT column1, & column2, & FROM table\_name \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
WHERE column2 LIKE pattern; & \seqsplit{'\_r\%'	Finds} any values that have "r" in the second position & 'a\%'	Finds any values that start with "a". \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 'a\%o' Finds any values that start with "a" and ends with "o" & '\%or\%' Finds any values that have "or" in any position. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Sorting}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Sorts the results of a column \seqsplit{alphabetically} or numerically, ascending by default &  & SELECT \seqsplit{name\_of\_column1}, \seqsplit{name\_of\_column2} FROM \seqsplit{name\_of\_table} WHERE condition1 OR \seqsplit{condition2...} ASC/DESC; \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Contains}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
SELECT * FROM TableName & WHERE Country IN ('val1', 'val2', 'val3'); &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{CURSOR}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{A database cursor is an object that enables traversal over the rows of a result set. It allows you to process individual row returned by a query} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{DECLARE all variables you'll need} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
DECLARE … CURSOR FOR SELECT query, where you'll declare a cursor and also define the query related to (populating) that cursor & DECLARE cursor\_name CURSOR     FOR \seqsplit{select\_statement;} &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 10)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
OPEN the cursor and FETCH NEXT from the cursor & OPEN \seqsplit{cursor\_name;}....FETCH NEXT FROM cursor INTO \seqsplit{variable\_list;} &  \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
In the WHILE loop you'll test the \seqsplit{@@FETCH\_STATUS} variable (WHILE \seqsplit{@@FETCH\_STATUS} = 0). If the condition holds, you'll enter the loop BEGIN … END block and perform statements inside that block & WHILE \seqsplit{@@FETCH\_STATUS} = 0       BEGIN         FETCH NEXT FROM \seqsplit{cursor\_name;}       END; &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CLOSE the cursor and DEALLOCATE it. & CLOSE \seqsplit{cursor\_name;} DEALLOCATE \seqsplit{cursor\_name;} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{CASE}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Goes through conditions and returns the value \seqsplit{corresponding} to the first true condition (like an if-then-else statement) &  & CASE      WHEN condition1 THEN result1      WHEN condition2 THEN result2      WHEN conditionN THEN resultN     ELSE result END; \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DDL Examples}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{TABLE}} & {\bf{COLUMN}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Creation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CREATE TABLE friends & ALTER TABLE Friends D \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
name varchar(100), & ADD id int; \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{age int );} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Renaming}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
RENAME friends & ALTER TABLE fam \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
TO fam; & RENAME name TO first\_name; \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Deleting}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
DROP TABLE Fam; & ALTER TABLE Fam DROP COLUMN age; \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.8 cm} x{3.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DML Example}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{ADDING ROWS}} & {\bf{DELETING ROWS}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
INSERT INTO fam (id, name, age) & DELETE FROM fam \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
VALUES (1, 'Ross', 31); & WHERE condition (id = 1); \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{UPDATING ROWS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
UPDATE fam SET name = 'Rachel Geller' & WHERE id = 2; \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL example}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Wildcard Pattern Matching}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
SELECT column1, & column2, & FROM table\_name \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
WHERE column2 LIKE pattern; & \seqsplit{'\_r\%'	Finds} any values that have "r" in the second position & 'a\%'	Finds any values that start with "a". \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 'a\%o' Finds any values that start with "a" and ends with "o" & '\%or\%' Finds any values that have "or" in any position. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Order By}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & SELECT \seqsplit{name\_of\_column1}, \seqsplit{name\_of\_column2} FROM \seqsplit{name\_of\_table} WHERE condition1 OR \seqsplit{condition2...} ASC/DESC; \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Contains}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country IN ('Germany', 'France', 'UK'); &  & SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country NOT IN ('Germany', 'France', 'UK'); \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{CURSOR}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL example (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{Allows us to update one row at a time or perform an administrative process such as SQL Server database backups in a sequential manner.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
DECLARE all variables we need &  & DECLARE      \seqsplit{@product\_name} VARCHAR(MAX),      @list\_price   DECIMAL; \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
DECLARE … CURSOR FOR SELECT naming our cursor and the query to find the values it will contain &  & DECLARE \seqsplit{cursor\_product} CURSOR FOR SELECT          \seqsplit{product\_name},          list\_price     FROM          \seqsplit{production.products;} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 10)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
OPEN the cursor and FETCH NEXT from the cursor &  & OPEN \seqsplit{cursor\_product;}  FETCH NEXT FROM \seqsplit{cursor\_product} INTO      \seqsplit{@product\_name},      \seqsplit{@list\_price;} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 8)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The WHILE loop to test the weather our condition returned values, when 0 (meaning rows were returned), we fetch the specified values &  & WHILE \seqsplit{@@FETCH\_STATUS} = 0     BEGIN         PRINT \seqsplit{@product\_name} + \seqsplit{CAST(@list\_price} AS varchar);         FETCH NEXT FROM \seqsplit{cursor\_product} INTO              \seqsplit{@product\_name},              \seqsplit{@list\_price;}     END; \tn 
% Row Count 43 (+ 16)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DQL example (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
CLOSE the cursor and DEALLOCATE it. &  & CLOSE \seqsplit{cursor\_product;} DEALLOCATE \seqsplit{cursor\_product;} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Case}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
SELECT OrderID, Quantity, CASE     WHEN Quantity \textgreater{} 30 THEN 'The quantity is greater than 30'     WHEN Quantity = 30 THEN 'The quantity is 30'     ELSE 'The quantity is under 30' END AS QuantityText FROM \seqsplit{OrderDetails;} &  & SELECT CustomerName, City, Country FROM Customers ORDER BY (CASE     WHEN City IS NULL THEN Country     ELSE City END); \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 17)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}