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\author{daniya (daniya)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (company-law-derivative-claim.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (daniya (daniya))
  /Subject (Company Law | Derivative Claim Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Company Law | Derivative Claim Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{daniya (daniya)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/183845/cs/38321/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}daniya (daniya) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/daniya} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 23rd April, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{summary of facts}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- briefly state case facts} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- mention issues at hand} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- topics to which question relates} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{general introduction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The majority rule pervades over much of company law, touching over the key issue of who owns \& controls the company (provisio Reg.3 + 4 of model articless). When simultaneously read with the doctrine of 'seperate legal personality' (SLP) laid in {\bf{{\emph{Saloman v. Saloman}}}}, the right to sue where the company sustains injury is bestowed upon the company itself - which will be the proper claimant ({\bf{Foss v. Hartbottle}}). As a concequence, individual shareholders (SH) cannot sue on the company's behalf as such a decison resides with executive body i.e.; the Board ({\bf{John Shaw \& Sons{[}Salford{]}}})} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nonetheless, proper execution of the majority rule (in the passing of resolutions), results in all members becoming bound to it, regardless of their dissent. Additionally, the Court's non-interventionist policy in dealing with the internal management of companies - explained in {\bf{Carlen v Drury}} - has led to the dissenting minority being bound to the wiles \& wishes of the majority.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In recognizing the potential of abuse, the law aims to find the right balance between the majority rule and protection of minority members.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1. derivative claims}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- claim previously existed under common law but was inaccessible, unclear \& too restrictve} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Law Commission (LC) recommended presevation of the sanctity of {\bf{Foss v. Hartbottle}} as it was sound but to refurbish the law of DC in line with modern pricniple through a codified procedural code} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} {\emph{achieved via Part XI CA, 2006}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{s.260}}}} - action brought by member on company's behalf, seeking relief under the same} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- when claim is granted leave by Courts, company joins as defendant (since Board presumably denied such action)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2. section 260 (CA, 2006)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- cause of action (CoA) primarly vested in company (refelct {\bf{Foss v. Hartbottle}})} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- pursued by member for compan'y benefit} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- arising from D's {\bf{{\emph{\{\{counter\}\}.}}}} negligence {\bf{{\emph{\{\{counter\}\}.}}}} default or {\bf{{\emph{\{\{counter\}\}.}}}} breach of duties/ trust} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} {\emph{breach principle extends scope of viable actions (compared to common law) by including D Duties, listed under Part X of Act)}}  {\bf{most commonly applied s. 172 \& 174}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pavlides v. Jensen}} - even where D acted in good faith \& hasn't personally gained, claim can be pursued} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- action eiter against D} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} or 3rd party who {\emph{dishonestly}} assisted D in breach} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- D broadly defined (de jure, de facto shadow or former)} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- immaterial whether SH became member to company after CoA had already occured} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} hearing is a two-stage process (paper \& full-permission)} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{{\emph{before claim proceeds, SH to be granted permission (leave) from Courts (s.261)}}}} (1st stage)} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{1.}} paper hearing= courts consider evidence.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} - onus on member to estblish self {\emph{prima facie}} proper claimant otherwise Courts dismiss application ({\bf{Iesini v. Westrip Holding}})} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- threshold relatively low here} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3. section 263 (CA, 2006)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- criteria refered to by judges deciding claim procession as a {\bf{{\emph{derivative}}}} claim} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- criteria divided into mandatory \& discretionary bars. Both to be satisfied to proceed} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{MANDATORY BARS}} {\bf{{\emph{s.263(2)}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\{\{counter\}\}.}} act/ omission yet to occur is already authorized} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\{\{counter\}\}.}} act/ omssion already occured has been authorized/ratified ({\bf{Re Singh Brothers Contractors}})} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} authorization (\& maybe ratification) - requires {\bf{{\emph{full \& frank}}}} disclosure {\bf{{\emph{BEFORE}}}} authorization ({\bf{Cullen Investements v. Brown}} - SH be 'well-informed')} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} ratification - 'wrong-doer' or related persons can't partake in voting({\bf{{\emph{s.239(4)}}}})} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\{\{counter\}\}.}} a D acting in accordance with s.172 would'nt continue the claim} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} hypothetical D test (would he consider claim worth pursuing)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} consider criteria in {\bf{Iesini v Westrip Holdings}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} size of claim} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} proceedings cost} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} company's ability to fund proceedings} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} defendant's ability to satisfy judgement} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} impact on company if persued} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3. section 263 (CA, 2006) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} would prosecuton damage company in other ways} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} disruption in company's activities while proceedings occur} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} is claim hiding personal vandetta} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{DISCRETIONARY BARS}} {\bf{{\emph{s.263(3)}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} requirement of 'good fatih'} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} availability of alternate remedy} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} claim {\bf{{\emph{u/s.994}}}} preferred by judges ({\bf{Franbar Holdings}}) (Mission Capital**)} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} importance of claim given by 'notional D' in accordance with {\bf{{\emph{s,172}}}} ({\bf{Franbar}})} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{first 3 bars identified as crucial factors}} ({\bf{Kiani v. Cooper}})} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} likelihood of authorization} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} {\bf{Smith v. Croft}} - courts will have 'particular regard' to view of SH w/o any personal interest in claim} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-caret-right\}\} whether company decided not to pursue claim} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} if Board's decision based on 'wrong-doers' advice \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} might influence judge against permission ({\bf{Kleanthous}})} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4. personal action}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 2 hurdles need be crossed} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{CAUSE OF ACTION}} ({\bf{{\emph{s.994}}}})} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Ds do not personally owe a duty to SH, as observed {\bf{{\emph{u/s.170}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{but 3 exception give rise to such} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{{\emph{Tort Law}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- D gave SH negligent or dishonest advice} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Williams v. NLHF}} - "assumption of personal resposibility" for advice need be shown} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} {\emph{takeover advice does not fall in this category ({\bf{Sharp v. Blank}})}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{{\emph{Fiduciary Relationship}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 'sufficiiently close' relation \{\{fa-arrow-right\}\} owe fiduciary duties} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- where D takes on {\emph{additional burden}} relating to SH ({\bf{Platt v Platt}})} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Allen v Hyatt}} - Ds are trustees of profit for SH's benefit} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Coleman v. Myers}} - selling/buying of shares taken on by D, FR formed} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-asterisk\}\} {\emph{takeover does not fall in this category ({\bf{Peskin v. Anderson}})}}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{{\emph{Special Contract}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- not employement contract but a special one b/w SH \& D} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Giles v Rhind}} - SH agreement where their responsibilites as D are also mentioned} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ac\}\} {\bf{REFLECTIVE LOSS BARRIER}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Sevilleja v Marex Financial}} - principle only applys to SH claims, not Creditors} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4. personal action (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- where los is reflective of loss suffered by company itself, cannot sue ({\bf{Prudential Assurance}})} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Jhonson v. Gore Woods}} - loss has to be seperate from any suffered by the company (i.e.; company suffered no loss as a result of that suffered by SH)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Marex}} -  can only apply to claim brought by SH in his {\bf{{\emph{capacity as SH}}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}