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% Document Info
\author{danilobanjac}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (bash-scripting-language-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (danilobanjac)
  /Subject (Bash Scripting Language Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Bash Scripting Language Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{danilobanjac} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/50162/cs/13858/}}}
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\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}danilobanjac \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/danilobanjac} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 17th December, 2017.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Commands Line Commands}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
clear & Clears the screeen. \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
vim filename.sh & Creates a .sh file. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sh filename.sh & Execute Bash Script. \tn 
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./filename.sh & Other way of executing bash script. \tn 
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ls -l & See all file permissions inside a folder. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
chmod +x filename.sh & This will add execute permission to the file. \tn 
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% Row 6
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ls -{}-help & This will open all available commands. \tn 
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ls -{}-help | grep "\textbackslash{}-U" & This will grab more information about "-U" command. \tn 
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touch wood.txt & This will create a file. \tn 
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echo "here is something use it" \textgreater{} wood.txt & This will write to the file that we first created. \tn 
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cat wood.txt & This will get us the output of the file. \tn 
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cat \{testfile01,testfile02\} \textgreater{} test00 & This will take as many files as we want and store the content of those file in one file in this case "test00". \tn 
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% Row 12
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echo "here is something new" \textgreater{} wood.txt & This will replace the whole content of the wood.txt file with this new content, if we want to add to file we need to use the command from below. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Commands Line Commands (cont)}}  \tn
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echo "here is comething new" \textgreater{}\textgreater{} wood.txt & Double \textgreater{}\textgreater{} will add to file. \tn 
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: \textgreater{} wood.txt & This will empty the whole file, remeber ":" that says do nothing. \tn 
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rm wood.txt & Will remove the file completely. \tn 
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touch test1 test2 test3 test4 & for example if we create a hundreds of file with similar name how we could delete them all or select them all? (Solution below). \tn 
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rm test* & ("*" astrix sign will mark everything that begins with test and delete it. \tn 
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% Row 0
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Press "a" & In order to start editing the file. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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Press "esc" & In order to quit editing the file. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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Write ":" & To allow you to save or quit or write to file. \tn 
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% Row 3
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Write ":wg" & To write those changes and quit with saving. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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Write ":wg!" & To force this action. \tn 
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Write ":q!" & To quit without saving. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Part One (Variables and Parameters)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{ECHOING VARIABLES: \newline 	- var=10 \newline 	  echo var (This will echo "var") \newline 	  echo \$var (This will echo the actual value, this is why we are using dollar sign "\$" before variable. So that program knows that we want a value from the variable) \newline UNSET: \newline 	- var=10 \newline 	  unset var  \newline 	  echo \$var ("unset" will actually reassign the value of "var" to null) \newline ASIGN VALUE TO THE VARIABLE THROUGH USER: \newline 	- echo "type in some value" \newline 	  read var2 (This will ask user for input same like "prompt" in javascript and store this value to variable) \newline 	  echo \$var2 \newline  \newline PROPERTIES OF VARIABLES: \newline 	- var="T r a l a l a        lalalal  l" \newline 	  echo \$var (This will output the string but we will miss some spaces, this means that ot all of our spaces will be printed that is why we are using "") \newline 	  var="T r a l a l a        lalalal  l" \newline 	  echo "\$var" (When we use "" to wrap our variable with as well the "\$" dollar sign then all of our spaces will be outputed. This is recommended way of doing "echo" in bash) \newline DEFINE NULL VARIABLE: \newline 	- var= (This will define variable with a value of "null") \newline  \newline DECLARING VARIABEL ON SAME LINE: \newline 	- var1=11 var2=22 var3=33 \newline 	  echo "\$var1 \$var2 \$var3" (Same like in javascript) \newline  \newline ASSIGNING, REASSIGNING AND UNSETTING THE VALUE: \newline 	- var= \newline 	  echo "\$var" \newline 	  var=9 \newline 	  echo "\$var" \newline 	  var=10 \newline 	  echo "\$var" \newline 	  unset var \newline 	  echo "\$var" \newline  \newline ASSIGN VALUE FROM BASH COMMAND TO VARIABLE: \newline 	- hi=\$(ls -la) (This is the way of doing it) \newline           echo "\$hi" (Will print value of "hi") \newline  \newline  \newline ADDING TO A VARIABLE OR DOING ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS ON VARIABLES: \newline 	- var= \newline 	  let "var ++" \newline 	  echo "\$var" (This will output 1) \newline 	  let "var += 10" \newline 	  echo "\$var" (This will output 10) \newline 	 \newline REPLACING VALUES IN NUMBER: \newline 	- num=1100 \newline 	  var=\$\{num/10/B\} \newline 	  echo "\$var" (This will echo "1B0") \newline  \newline ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES: \newline         - \#!/bin/bash \newline  \newline           MIN=10 (Minimum passed arguments in order to execute the script) \newline  \newline           if {[} -n "\$1" {]}; then echo "1st one is \$1"; fi  ("\$1" first argument that is being passed to script and "-n" check if argument exists. Returning either "true" or "false") \newline           if {[} -n "\$2" {]}; then echo "2st one is \$2"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$3" {]}; then echo "3rd one is \$3"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$4" {]}; then echo "4th one is \$4"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$5" {]}; then echo "5th one is \$5"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$6" {]}; then echo "6th one is \$6"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$7" {]}; then echo "7th one is \$7"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$8" {]}; then echo "8th one is \$8"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$9" {]}; then echo "9th one is \$9"; fi \newline           if {[} -n "\$\{10\}" {]}; then echo "10th one is \$\{10\}"; fi \newline  \newline          echo "List of arguments: "\${\emph{"" ("\$}}" this will take all the arguments that are being passed to script) \newline          echo  "Name of Script: \textbackslash{}""\$0"\textbackslash{}"" ("\$0" is used to grab the name of the file) \newline  \newline          if {[} \$\# -lt "\$MIN" {]}; then echo "Not enought arguments, need "\$MIN" to run!"; fi  (This check "\$\#" number of all arguments being passed to script and compare it to our defined variable.) \newline          - sh filename.sh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (Passing arguments to our script and printing them)} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Part Two (Return Values)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{RETURN VALUES: \newline          - \#!/bin/bash \newline  \newline            NO\_OF\_ARGS=2 \newline            E\_BADARGS=85 \newline            E\_UNREADABLE=86 \newline  \newline            if {[} \$\# -ne "\$NO\_OF\_ARGS" {]}; then echo "Usage: "\$0" fileOne fileTwo"; exit \$E\_BADARGS; fi \newline            if {[} ! -r "\$1" {]} || {[} ! -r "\$2" {]}; then echo "One or both files does not exist: "\$1" or "\$2""; exit "\$E\_UNREADABLE"; fi \newline            ( \newline            cmp \$1 \$2 \newline            ) \textgreater{} /dev/null 2\textgreater{}\&1 \newline            if {[} \$? -eq 0 {]}; then echo "Files are the same!"; else echo "Files are not the same!"; fi \newline            exit 0 \newline  \newline          - Explanation: This script will accept two files and than compare if they are identical. We are defining our "EXIT CODES" and returning them depending on situation. (exit code 0 == good (true); exit code 1 == bad (false))} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bash Script Programming Language Basics}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{ECHO: \newline 	- echo "Some text" (This is same like "print" in python. It will print to command line) \newline 	- echo "Some text" \#This is comment ("This is comment" will not be executed) \newline DEFINING VARIABLES: \newline 	- name=10 (This desfines a variable with integer) \newline 	- name=tea (This defines a variable) \newline 	USING HASH "\#": \newline 	- echo "The word \$name contains \$\{\#name\} chars" (This is how to do a string formatting in bash) \newline 	- \$(\#name) (This will return a lenght of the string in bash) \newline 	- \$name will replace this part of the string with the current variable. \newline USING SEMICOLON: \newline 	- echo "hi there"; echo "you there?" (; semicolon sign will tell bash to run this as a next line of the code) \newline IF/THEN/ELSE STATEMENT: \newline 	- var=10 \newline 	- if {[} "\$var" -gt 5 {]}; then echo "YES"; else echo "NO" \newline 	  fi (Please note the spaces inside the brackets they need to be there for statement to run, and every semicolon will be seen as a next line and at the end we have "fi" this closes the if statement) \newline FOR LOOP: \newline 	- colors="red black white" (This defines a variable as a string) \newline 	- for col in \$colors \newline 	  do (This will run the desired action) \newline 	  	echo "\$col" (This will echo "col") \newline 	  done (This will finish the for loop) \newline 	- if we run this script now the result below will be printed to console: \newline 	  red \newline 	  black \newline 	  white \newline 	- as you can see for loop threated variable colors as a list. Because "for col in \$colors" dollar sign and colors will make a list from the string. If we put \$colors inside double quotes like this "\$colors" this will be then threated as a string and the ouput to the console will be: \newline 	  red black white \newline 	- if we put single quotes '\$colors' this would take the actual word \$colors and print it. \newline USING LET: \newline 	- let "y=((x=20, 10/2))" (let in bash will let us to perform arithemic operations on variables) \newline 	- echo \$y (This will return 5 because we separated the operation with comma) \newline CHANGING THE STRING TO UPPER OR LOWER: \newline 	- var = DSLConnection \newline 	- echo \$\{var,\} (This will change the first character of the string to lower) \newline 	- echo \$\{var,,\} (This will change the whole string to lower) \newline USING "\textbackslash{}" ESCAPE CHARACTER: \newline 	- echo ""Linux is awesome"" \newline 	  will output this Linux is awesome to the console. \newline 	- echo "\textbackslash{}"Linux is awesome"\textbackslash{}" (This will take quotes literaly) \newline 	  will output this "Linux is awesome" to the console \newline REASIGN THE VALUE: \newline 	- let val=500/2 \newline 	  val2=`echo \$val` (This will allow us to reasign the value from the first variabel to the second variabel) \newline 	  echo "\$val2" \newline 	  will give same output "250" \newline 	  IMPORTANT \newline 	  In order to get the value from any oder script example Python. Bash script will only recognise the value if value is printed, that means that function can return number but at the end when we call the function in python script it should look like this: \newline 	  print return\_value() \newline 	USING ":" SIGN: \newline 	- var=20 \newline 	  if {[} "\$var" -gt 15  {]}; then :;else echo "\$var";fi (This ":" sign after then will actually tell our code to do nothing this will come very useful, same like "pass" in python) \newline IF STATEMENT USING "?" MARK: \newline 	- var=10 \newline 	  echo \$(( var2=var1\textless{}20?1:0  )) (This will return the first value "1" if statement is true and second value if statement is false. In this case we don't need the "\$" sign before "var1" to tell the program to use value, this is special case) \newline CREATE ARRAY: \newline 	- Colors=(red blue green white) (This will create an array in bash) \newline WRAP STRINGS INTO SOME CHARACTERS: \newline 	- echo \textbackslash{}+\{test1,test2,test3\}\textbackslash{}+ (You can replace the "+" sign with any other sing for example "\$") \newline 	  will output +test1+ +test2+ +test3+ to console \newline CREATE RANGE: \newline 	- echo \{0..9\} (This will print all numbers between 0 and 9 (including 9) same like range() in python) \newline SEPARATE THE BLOCK OF CODE: \newline 	- var1=1 \newline 	  var2=2 \newline 	  \{ \newline 	  var1=10 \newline 	  var2=12 \newline 	  \} \newline 	  echo "\$var1 \$var2" (The output to the console will be 10 and 12 because "\{\}" will separate this part of code) \newline SAVE EXIT CODE FROM THE LAST COMMAND: \newline 	- python myPythonScript.py \newline 	  ret=\$? \newline 	  if {[} \$ret -ne 0 {]}; then \newline 	       \#Handle failure \newline 	       \#exit if required \newline 	  fi \newline USE EXIT CODE TO MANIPULATE SCRIPT: \newline 	- \#!/bin/bash \newline  \newline 	  touch /root/test 2\textgreater{} /dev/null \newline  \newline 	  if {[} \$? -eq 0 {]} \newline 	  then \newline 	    echo "Successfully created file" \newline 	    exit 0 \newline 	  else \newline 	    echo "Could not create file" \textgreater{}\&2 \newline 	    exit 1 \newline 	  fi \newline HIDE WHOLE OUTPUT FROM THE SCRIPT: \newline 	- ( \newline     	  	./manage.py create\_test\_database \newline 	  ) \textgreater{} /dev/null 2\textgreater{}\&1 \newline  \newline CONNECTING IF STATEMENTS: \newline 	- var=1 \newline 	  if {[} "\$var" -gt 0  {]} \&\& {[} "\$var" -eq 10  {]}; then echo "THEN PART"; else echo "HELLOOO"; fi (Example with logical "and" statment) \newline 	  var=1 \newline 	  if {[} "\$var" -gt 0  {]} || {[} "\$var" -eq 10  {]}; then echo "THEN PART"; else echo "HELLOOO"; fi (Example with logical "or" statment) \newline 	MODULO: \newline  	- let var=5\%4 \newline 	  echo "\$var" (Result will be one) \newline STRING UPPER CASE: \newline 	- some\_word=tEsT \newline 	  echo "\$\{some\_word\textasciicircum{}\}" (This will grab first letter and make it upper case) \newline 	  echo "\$\{some\_word\textasciicircum{}\textasciicircum{}\}" (This will grab whole word and make it upper case)} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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