\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Dani (Dan\_Niel)} \pdfinfo{ /Title (at-risk-high-risk-and-sick-newborn.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Dani (Dan\_Niel)) /Subject (at risk, high risk, and sick newborn Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{D90955} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FCEFF4} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{at risk, high risk, and sick newborn Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Dani (Dan\_Niel)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/131883/cs/26598/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Dani (Dan\_Niel) \\ \uline{cheatography.com/dan-niel} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 14th February, 2021.\\ Updated 14th February, 2021.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{APGAR chart}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/dan-niel_1613213020_diagnosis-pediatrics-apgar-newborns-assessment-original.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Poor Apgar Score}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1st minute (9) & general condition \seqsplit{(neuro/respi/circulatory)} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 5th minute (10) & Determine if neonate can adjust to extrauterine life \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 0-3 & poor: severely depressed, needs CPR \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 4-6 & fair: guarded, moderately depressed \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 7-10 & good: healthy \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Note: {\bf{Pulse}} is the most important and {\bf{Color}} is the least ({\bf{acrocyanosis}} due to extrauterine adaptation)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Respiratory Evaluations}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/dan-niel_1613273168_86354a1d334c726a321a7d7995df4b22.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{0}} : Normal | {\bf{1-3}} : Poor | {\bf{4-6}} : Moderate | {\bf{7-10}} : Severe} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Normal Respiratory Adaptation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} RR & 30-60 bpm (80 bpm in 1st min) \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Breathing} & Use of abdominal muscles \& diaphragm. Newborns are nose breathers \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Reflex & Coughing \& sneezing to clear airway \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Initiation of repirations:}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Chemical} & surfactant reduces surface tension \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Thermal & sudden chilling of moist infant \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Mechanical} & compression of fetal chest at delivery \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.9954 cm} x{3.9816 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nursing Interventions}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Assess}} & for Respiratory distress \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{Plan}} & To maintain a patent airway \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Interventions}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Position} & Head lower \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Suction & Bulb near the head, mouth first, avoid trauma to membranes \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Evaluation}}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} RR & 30-60 bpm with no signs of distress \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In order for the respiratory system to function the infant must have: \newline - adequate pulmonary blood flow \newline - adequate amount of surfactant \newline - strong respiratory musculature} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sepsis (blood infection)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Early onset & birth to 7 days after delivery \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Late onset & 8-28 days after birth \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Nosocomial} & 1st week until discharge \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Symptoms}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• fever, breathing problems, lethargy} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• poor feeding, bloated abdomen. vomiting (yellowish)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Diarrhea, sleepiness, jaundiced, irregular HR} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• low blood sugar and seizures} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Sepsis is confirmed with culture test for 7-21 days} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Antibiotics to be given IV} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• IV fluids to support the infant till infection clears} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Oxygen or ventilation to support breathing} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Prevention}}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Antibiotics to control dangerous bacteria} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Breastfeeding may help prevent sepsis} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Providing a clean place} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Delivery within 24 hrs after water breaks} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hyperbilirubinemia}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Physiologic Jaundice}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Increase in bilirubin by 2nd day of life, declines in 5th} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Onset and resolution delayed in premature (5-14days)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pathologic Jaundice}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Persistent jaundice may indicate hepatitis, biliar atresia, down syndrome, hypothyroidism, breast milk inhibitors} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Total bilirubin increasing by \textgreater{}5mg/dl per day} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Breastfeeding Jaundice}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• appear on breastfed babies after 7 days of life} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• peak during weeks 2-3 but may last for a month} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Monitor how fast it has been rising} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Needs to be kept hydrated with breastmilk} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Feed baby often up to 12 times a day} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Phototherapy: blue light} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Blood transfusion, IV immunoglobulin} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prematurity (before 37 wks)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Physical Findings}} & {\emph{\textless{}2500g (5lb 8 oz)}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Sole creases, skull firmness, ear cartilage} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{mother's report of last menstrual period} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{sonographic estimation of gestational age} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Risk factors}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{multiple gest., history of preterm, single teen mother} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Physical assessment}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} AOG & less than 37 weeks \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Respiratory & Irregular \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} Digestive & bowel sounds diminished \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Thermoregulatory} & hypothermia = hypoglycemia \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} Reflex & Poor suck, swallow, flexion \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nursing Care}}} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} Prevention & Prevention of acquiring infection \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Promote oxygenation & maintain and monitor body temp, apical pulse, respiratory rate \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} Provision & tactile stimulation for apnea \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & safe and effective environment \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} Nutrition (readiness) & respiration is \textless{}60/m | rooting, sucking and gag reflex \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 3) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Education of parents}}} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prematurity (before 37 wks) (cont)}} \tn % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Handle carefully when repositioning} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Psychological support : sharing info, reinforce positives} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Share caretaking responsibilities with parents} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Postmaturity (old man looking)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Problems}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Aspiration & Meconium, hypoxia \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Polycythemia & Increase number of RBC \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Seizure activity & severe hypoxia \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Cold stress & loss of subcutaneous fat \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Hypoglycemia & use of glucose stores, glycogen \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nursing Care}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- may require prolonged monitoring} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- support well being due to wasting effect} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Early detection of polycythemia \& hyperbilirubinemia} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Focus on prevention : due date} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Attention to thermoregulation \& feeding} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Common complications}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• 2-3 times higher morbidity than term infants} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} • Hypoglycemia & used depleted glycogen stores \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} • Aspiration & of meconium in response to hypoxia \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} • Polycythemia & Increase RBC response to hypoxia \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} • Seizure activity & from severe hypoxia \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} •Cold stress & start to lose weight in the utero \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Large for Gestational Age}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Appearance}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Possible fracture of the clavicles} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Facial head bruising and palsy} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Caput succedaneum (normal: disappear 12 018 mons)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Cephalhematoma} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Complications}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Birth trauma due to cephalopelvic disproportion} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Increased ceasarian sections} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Hypoglycemia , hyperbilirunemia} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Polycythemia, hyperviscosity} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• irregular HR, cyanosis} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nursing Care}}} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Monitor for hypoglycemia} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Screening for polycythemia (cbc, h\&h)} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Careful assessment for injuries \& address prenatal concerns about injuries like fractured clavicle} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Monitor temp, and minimize heat loss} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Initiate early feedings, touch and cuddling} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Support parents and teach} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meconium Aspiration Syndrome}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Symptoms}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Bluish skin color of the infant} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Difficult breathing (none or rapid)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Limpness in infant at birth} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• ET tube placement and suctioning} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Using a face mask with oxygen mixture} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Antibiotic to treat infection} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Radiant warmer to maintain body temp} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Respiratory Distress Syndrome (copy)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Causes}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Not enough of substance called surfactants that consists of phospholipids and protein. begins to be produced at 24-28 wks. by 35 wks most have develop adequate surfactant.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Symptoms}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Difficulty of breathing (tachypnea, grunting)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Cyanosis (blue coloring)} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Flaring of the nostrils} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Chest retractions (pulling in ribs \& sternum)} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• symptoms peak at 3rd day, diuresis dec. need of O2} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatments}}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Placing an ET tube, mechanical ventilation} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Supplemental oxygen} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hypothermia}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Methods of Heatloss}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Evaporation} & wet surface exposed to air \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Conduction} & Direct contact with cool objects \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Convection} & surrounding cool air. Drafts \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Radiation} & Transfer of heat to cooler objects \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Manifestations}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CC & cold skin on trunk \& extremities. cyanosis \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} DD & decrease in temperature \& activity \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} P & poor feeding in form of suckling \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} S & Shallow respirations \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nursing Care}}} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Prevention} & radiant warmer. careful not to burn \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Provision} & quick dry, head cap \& dry warm blankets \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 2) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cold Stress}}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} R & respiratory distress \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} I & increased oxygen need \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} D & decreased surfactant production \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} H & hypogylcemia {\emph{(\textless{}30 mg/dl)}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} M & metabolic acidocis \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Small Gestation Age (\textless{}10\%)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Causes}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- may be born preterm, term, post term} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- may have experienced (IUGR) or failed to grow} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Placental anomaly, poor nutrition} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Smoking, cocaine, teratogen exposure} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Severe DM, decreased blood flow to placenta} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Common complications}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Perinatal asyphaxia & deficient oxygenation \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Hypothermia & Inadequate surfactant \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} Hypoglycemia & Use of glycogen stores \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Meconium aspiration & Hypoxia | RDS \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} Still birth & loss from death \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Nursing Care}}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Maintain airway and temperature} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Monitor for signs of respiratory distress} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Monitor glucose level, or signs of hypoglycemia} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 2) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Minimize heat loss to prevent hypothermia} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Provide feeding, touch, support, teaching} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 1) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Evaluate Hct level : hypoxia \& polycythemia} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 1) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Monitor signs of sepsis, infection, malformations} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Fluids and frequent feedings} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lab findings:}} low plasma levels and high levels of RBC makes blood thick and heart to pump harder. Increases the chance of thrombosis and prolonged cyanosis} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Low birth weight}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} LBW & less than or equal to 2500g (5lbs 8 oz) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} VLBW & less than or equal to 1500g (3lbs 5oz) \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ELBW & less than or equal to 1000g (2lbs 3oz) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Prevention}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Early \& regular prenatal care} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Seek medical check uo} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Quit smoking and other teratogenic factors} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Take multivitamin containing 400 micg of folic acid} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.14471 cm} x{3.83229 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Failure to Thrive}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Symptoms}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• height,weight, and head do not match growth charts} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Weight is lower than 3rd percentile (20\% below ideal)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• growth may have slowed or stop} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Delayed or slow to develop physical, mental, social} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}}} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Nutritional} & provide a well balanced diet \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{Supplements} & talk to HCP first, correct deficiency \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ABO | Rh Incompatibility}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Symptoms}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Back pain, blood in urine} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Chills, fever, jaundice, impending doom} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Antihistamines to treat allergic reactions} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Steroids to treat swelling and allergies} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Fluids given intravenously} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Medicines to raise blood pressure if drops too low} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Rh immune globulins (Rhlg) for rh incompatibility} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Exams and tests}}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Coombs' test to llok for cell destroying antibodies} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Bilitubin test shows high. CBC: damage to RBC} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Urine test shows presence of hemoglobin} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{SIDS (crib death)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Factors causing SIDS}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Brain Ab. & portion that controls sleep \& breathing doesn't work properly \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} LBW & baby's brain has not matured completely \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{infection} & contributes to breathing problems \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{Sleeping} & on side, on soft surface, with parents \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Prevention}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Sleeping on the back} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Keep the crib as bare as possible. use firm mattress} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Don't overheat baby. blanket should be lightweight.} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Baby should sleep alone. baby can be rolled over by parents} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Breast feed for six months lowers risk of SIDS.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}