\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{codinghippo}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (215final.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (codinghippo)
  /Subject (215final Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{6C9AA3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F5F8F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{215final Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{codinghippo} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/216746/cs/47450/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}codinghippo \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/codinghippo} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 4th December, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Doubles/floats}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Range of +/- 1.7e308} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 16 digits of precision} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Overflow = +/- inf, underflow = 0} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Double = 8b, float = 4b} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Floats are less precise, used in Arduino} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Integers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Max value is +/-2147483647} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- 2 or 4 bytes} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vari changes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Short int x: half the byte size of int (half range)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Long int x: double byte size of int (double range)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Unsigned: positive numbers (double range)} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Usually double, int, void (depends on what you want to return)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- type \_name(what it inputs)\{\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arduino}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- void setup () is used to initialized variables and configurations} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- pinMode (pin1, OUTPUT) means that the pin will have a output role} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Serial.begin(115200) initializes for print out} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- void loop () runs the code repeatedly, like while(1)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- use float instead of double} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- digitalWrite(pin1, HIGH) sets the pin to have 5V} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Serial.print( ) will print to the IDE} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- micros()*1.0e-6 is time in s} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- digital is 0V or 5V, analog is continuous} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrays/dynamic}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Always starts at 0 & - Dynamic array is only for 1D \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- 2D arrays: A{[}row{]}{[}column{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- Size must be an int} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- A{[}{]} is allowed, not A{[}{]}{[}{]}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- A{[}i{]}++; means increase the value of A{[}i{]} by 1} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Dynamic array: \newline double *A; \newline int n; // which we'll use for input \newline A = new double {[}n{]}; \newline if(A == NULL)\{  \newline                 // check if it exists and can run code \newline 		cout \textless{}\textless{} "\textbackslash{}nerror in dynamic allocation"; \newline 		exit(1); \newline 	\} \newline 		delete{[}{]} A; \newline 		A = nullptr;}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Char/strings}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Used for strings & - String is char array \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- Max range of -128/127 & - '\textbackslash{}0' is the term char \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- char a = ''a'' & - For space, '  ' \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Always make char size 100 or 1000 \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Reverse string: \newline void string\_reverse(char str1{[}{]}, char str2{[}{]})\{ \newline     int i=0; \newline     int counter=0; \newline  \newline     while(str1{[}i{]} != '\textbackslash{}0')\{ \newline         counter++; \newline         i++; // this finds string length \newline     \} \newline  \newline     for (i=0;i\textless{}counter;i++)\{ \newline         str2{[}i{]} = str1{[}counter -1 -i{]}; // because at counter its '\textbackslash{}0' \newline     \} \newline     str2{[}counter{]} = '\textbackslash{}0'; // to stop the string \newline \}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Files}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- ofstream fout // writing to file} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- ifstream fin // reading file} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- fout.close() at end of file part} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- create file: fout.open(".txt")} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- have \#include \textless{}fstream\textgreater{}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Check error: \newline if (!fout or !fin)\{ \newline 		cout \textless{}\textless{} "\textbackslash{}nerror with file"; \newline 		exit(1); \newline 		\}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pointers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Can store anything (int, double, function, etc)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- int*b checks what's inside b} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- p = \&b means p is b's address} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- *(\&b)=b is simply the address of b} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- *p=11 means there's 11 stored inside b} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- *(p+1) increments the pointer} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- *p +1 increments what's inside p} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- For char, it prints everything after the address} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- For double it prints what's at the specific address} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.68758 cm} x{2.28942 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Special info}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Break to stop loop & - Bool has 1 = true and 0 = false \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- Exit(0) to stop program & - \&\& means and \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- Dot product: sum+= A{[}i{]} * B{[}i{]} & - || means or \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
- cout \textless{}\textless{}scientific \textless{}\textless{} setprecision(9) & - sizeof(int) =4 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- sizeof(double) = 8 & - sizeof (bool) = 1 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{- sizeof(float)=4} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Call by reference: \newline \&x means that it brings changes to main, not a copy of x}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Examples}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transpose: \newline for (i=0;i\textless{}3;i++)\{ \newline  for (j=0;j\textless{}3;j++)\{   \newline   tA{[}i{]}{[}j{]} = A{[}j{]}{[}i{]}; \newline Dynamic array: \newline double {\emph{p1; \newline n = 10 or cin \textgreater{}\textgreater{} n; \newline p1 = new double {[}n{]};  \newline if (p1 == NULL) return 1;  \newline delete p1; \newline No\_space: \newline void no\_space ( char str1 {[}{]}) \{   \newline int i, newsize=0;   \newline for (i=0; str1{[}i{]}; i++)\{  \newline   if (str1{[}i{]}!=' ')\{  \newline        str1{[}newsize{]}=str1{[}i{]};  \newline        newsize++;  \newline        \}  \newline   \}  \newline  str1{[}newsize{]}='\textbackslash{}0';  \newline \} \newline Alternating string: \newline j = 0;  \newline for(i=0;i\textless{}n\_min;i++) \{   \newline str3{[}j{]} = str1{[}i{]};  j++;   \newline str3{[}j{]} = str2{[}i{]};  j++;   \newline \} \newline for(i=n\_min;i\textless{}n\_max;i++) \{   \newline if(n\_max == n1) str3{[}j{]} = str1{[}i{]};   \newline else str3{[}j{]} = str2{[}i{]};  j++;  \newline  \} \newline  str3{[}j{]} = '\textbackslash{}0';  \newline  \newline Arduino example: \newline    \newline   float t0, t, v = 30; \newline   int p; \newline   int input0; \newline   float v0;    \newline   // a) \newline   servo1.attach(3); \newline   servo1.write(0); \newline   delay(1000); // wait for the servo  \newline   // b)  (30 deg / s) \newline   t0 = micros()}}1.0e-6; // initial time \newline   // p = p0 + v{\emph{(delta\_t) = p0 + v}}(t-t0)  \newline   // trajectory \newline   while(1) \{ \newline     t = micros(){\emph{1.0e-6; \newline     p = v}}(t-t0); // trajectory \newline     servo1.write(p);    \newline     if(p \textgreater{}= 90) break; \newline   \} \newline   while(1) \{ \newline     input0 = analogRead(A0); \newline     v0 = (input0/1023.0)*5;  \newline    // convert int to volts \newline     if(v0 \textgreater{} 3) break; \newline   \} \newline   servo1.write(0); \newline   delay(1000); \newline   exit(0);  \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}